Bakgrund: Trycksår är en lokal skada av huden. Skadan ligger ovanför ett benutskott och orsakas av tryck eller en kombination av tryck skjuvning eller friktion. Smärta från trycksåret är ett vanligt förekommande problem som påverkar livskvaliteten negativt.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av trycksår i livets slutskede samt att se om personer med smärta och trycksår är smärtskattade med VAS/NRS. Syftet var även att se om det fanns något samband mellan trycksår och smärta.Metod: Metoden som använts var en retrospektiv deskriptiv undersökning med kvantitativ ansats. Insamling av data skedde via frågor tagna ur dödsfallsenkäten.

This study examines how to translate digitally composed symphonic music to note script and how it gets readable and playable. With the help of professional musicians from the Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, teachers from Kulturskolan in Norrköping as well as other musicians, I have learned how I can improve each individual stem in my composition. I also learned how to write for a real musician. My score have been analyzed by composers and a conductor which have given me a more in depth insight into composing symphonic music.The theory section describes important MIDI aspects, score preparation and note editing techniques. Thereafter is a section about the symphony orchestra and its instruments? history and how the situation is today.

Background: Hepatitis E (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped virus that belongs to the viral genus Hepevirus. HEV is a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus and there is insufficient information regarding its replication. This is mainly because the virus has low capacity to grow in normally used cell cultures. Many specific strand assay detection studies have been done in order to understand more about HEV replication. Unfortunately, these assays have the disadvantage of giving false positive results.Aim: The aim of this project was to improve the positive strand assay to increase specificity and eliminate false positivity which is due to high sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The purpose of this essay is to investigate and assess, with Clausewitz?s theory as thebackground, how different military theorists interpret and relate to the nature of war.This essay illustrates the state of research into Clausewitz?s philosophical influences.Clausewitz?s theory of the nature of war is subjected to a qualitative text analysis that is followedby a critique of other military theorists interpretations of his theory. Subsequently a descriptive,comparative qualitative text analysis is performed where the factors identified by Clausewitz asbeing part of the nature of war (?rational thought?, ?passion? and ?chance?) are used as a meansto interpret and assess how other military theorists relate to Clausewitz theory. This essay ismainly founded on analysis of the works of Jomini, Delbrück, Fuller, Liddell Hart, Handel,Roxborough, van Creveld and Keegan.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en de vanligaste sjukdomarna i världen och som sjuksköterska kommer man möta cancersjuka patienter med behov av vård och omsorg under sin sista tid i livet, oavsett vart man är yrkesverksam. Att drabbas av svår sjukdom och hamna i ett palliativt tillstånd kan vara svårt för patienten att hantera. Sjuksköterskan bör ha kunskap för att kunna lindra lidande och främja välbefinnande hos patienten i detta skede.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa palliativa patienters erfarenheter av att leva med cancersjukdom i livets slutskede.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie av tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Deduktiv analys där författarna använt De 6 S:n ? En modell för personcentrerad palliativ vård som teoretisk referensram.Resultat: Patienternas erfarenheter av den sista tiden i livet presenterades som fyra teman med sju subteman.

Bakgrund: Varje år drabbas ca 300 familjer i Sverige av det tragiska beskedet att deras barn har cancer, från den dagen blir deras liv aldrig sig likt. Allt fokus hamnar på det sjuka barnet och andra viktigare saker hamnar i skymundan. Att som sjuksköterska möta dessa familjerna kan vara både svårt och påfrestande då de inte alltid vet hur de skall bemöta familjen i sin sorg. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser i nära anslutning till barnets bortgång i cancer. Metod: Denna kvalitativa litteraturstudien är baserad på sex självbiografier och data har analyserats enligt en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys (Lundman & Hällgren Graneheim, 2012). Resultat: Resultatet visar att när läkarna har gjort allt för att barnet skall bli frisk men det räcker inte till, känner föräldrarna att de vill göra allt de kan för att barnet skall få en sådan bra sista tid i livet som möjligt. Vidare framkommer det att när slutet är nära och föärldrarna ser hur barnet lider önskar de att barnet får somna in. Slutsats: Efter barnets död upplever föräldrrna att de har svårt att gå vidre i livet och känna glädje igen, då sorgen efter barnet är för stor. Att ha en bra relation föräldrar och vårdpersonal emellan och att de får det stöd de behöver, hjälper föräldrrna mycket i det kaotiska liv de lever. .

Title: "It is logical, but not logical at all compared to every other logical thing." - A study about how students in upper secondary school reflect about their studies in Pitch and music theory.Pitch and music theory is a compulsory subject for music students in the art programme of upper secondary school of Sweden. The aim of the subject is to develop the students? knowledge about music theory concepts in order to help them play and create music on their own. The aim of this paper is to discuss how students talk about ear training and music theory. Qualitative group interviews were carried out with two student groups from the first and second year of the upper secondary school.

Man's life has changed in many ways since technology made it?s entry for public at large. In response to this change the science of human-machine interaction was invented. It has in turn evolved into human-computer interaction. With this science the focus is on the customization of the system for the actual person who will use it.The thesis has been implemented in a telecom company's development department.

In this thesis swedish students? worldsviews, in relation to the theory of evolution, were studied. Thirty students from two different schools and cities took part in the survey and four students were later chosen for interviews. The results showed that there are many different types of students and categories in this matter. The study also showed that for some religious students, accepting the theory of evolution was not difficult thus showing that religious students can both believe in God and in the theory of evolution..

The ability to detect protein-based biomarkers, which are linked to different diseases like colorectal cancer, is very important as a diagnostic tool. Usually complex biological samples like blood are studied which will contribute to different technical issues when performing an assay. The aim with the project is to optimize and develop the high throughput protein detection technique Proximity Extension Assay, PEA, into a 96-plex panel, in hopes of discovering an expression profile for colorectal cancer. PEA was developed by Olink Bioscience and allows specific proteins in a sample to be quantitatively transformed into nucleic acid sequences that are subsequently detected and quantified with real-time PCR. Two proximity probes containing oligonucleotide sequences bind pairwise to target protein and when brought in proximity, a DNA polymerase will extend a hybridization arm from one probe over to the second forming a double-stranded DNA sequence that can serve as a template in real-time PCR.

This paper deals with the question of neolithisation of Southern Scandinavia. The main goal is to give an overview of three theories regarding how agriculture and livestock breeding was introduced to the Southern Scandinavia. These are as follows: the immigration theory, the socio-economic theory and the historical explanation theory. Furthermore it is investigated which theory has the most probably support in material culture. There are obvious difficulties in interpreting the archaeological material.

Thinning is one of the most important silvicultural activities in middle aged forests, partly to minimize damages and partly because it leads to earlier harvesting revenues and increases the value of the remaining trees. There are many different indices used to describe stand density and thereby the need of thinning in forests today. Studies have shown that forest variables can be estimated with high accuracy using airborne laser scanning and it is likely that the method could also be used to estimate forest density indices. In this study, the possibility of using the forest density index ?H² to determine and map priorities for thinning operations for a forest area was examined.

Background: Men that have gone through treatment for prostate cancer may lose their sexuality as result of treatment. The sexual ability might symbolize manliness, despite age and sexual activities. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe; Influence on sexuality and the daily life for men with prostatecancer and their experience of informationneeds. Method: The material for the literature study was searched through databases; 13 scientific articles were selected and two articles through manual search, all 15 articles were examined. Result: Five categories were found in the result of the literature study; physical dimension, emotional/mental dimension, social/practical dimension and informationneeds.

I denna studie testas tio hypoteser som relaterar till finansiell teori för att se hur väl teorin kan förklara skuldsättningsgraden i små börsnoterade bolag. De teorier som testas är avvägningsteorin (trade-off theory), hackordningsteorin (pecking order theory) samt teorier relaterade till asymmetrisk information och agentkostnader. Testen genomförs med multipel linjär regressionsanalys och de undersökta bolagen är samtliga bolag med färre än 200 anställda på tre av de mindre börslistorna i Sverige. Resultatet visar stöd för åtta av de tio undersökta hypoteserna och är i flera avseenden tydligare än i tidigare studier som testar onoterade små bolag eller ett bredare urval av bolag..

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är en global epidemi. Fetma kan orsakas av arv, miljö och beteendemässiga faktorer. Övervikt kanleda till flera följdsjukdomar. Viktminskning kan ge ökad livskvalité pch psykiskt välbefinnande. Ur ett hälsoekonomiskt perspektiv är det av vikt att det hälsofrämjande arbetet startar tidigt i barndomen.