AbstractWhy do Political Parties emerge? ? A Study of "Sjukvårdspartiet i Värmland"Political Science, Johan UtterThe political parties have important roles to play in contemporary society. They act as bearers of power and presents the voters with finished packages of ideas on how society should grow, develop and change. Political parties are essential to the survival and wellbeing of representative democracy. Many theories have been developed over the years concerning matters related to political parties, but one area of research remains largely unexplored, namely the topic on why political parties do emerge in the first place.

The purpose of this study is from a case study develop a model that aims to cost effectively improve productivity in a manufacturing production process. The study highlights the importance of having knowledge about customer needs and using a holistic process perspective when improving productivity to identify the relations between the process stations and by this find problems that cause waste and losses in productivity. Tools and methods used to make production more efficient such as single minute exchange of die, spaghetti diagram, 5s and master production schedule is presented an applied in the model to see how these effect costs, productivity etc.Maintenance effects on quality and productivity in a manufacturing company will as well be covered in this thesis. The results and conclusions finally reveals how the process improvement tools, maintenance and production planning for example effects each other and why it is important to establish an attitude in the company where continuous process improvement should be emphasized..

Safe retrieval of nutrients from human excreta to fertilize crops in order to gain adequate yields will increase food security and sustainability in agriculture areas with nutrient-poor fields. Safe and nutritious food will meet the dietary needs of the individual which promotes public health and the ability of an active life. Human excreta should be considered as a resource instead of being assumed as waste. Human faeces and urine is excellent fertilizers which may close the nutrient loop if utilized properly. However, sanitation of the excreta is required to prevent disease transmission by reducing the content of gastrointestinal pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. The objective of this study was to in small scale evaluate the sanitation in a combined liquid compost and urea treatment by monitor the inactivation of bacteria and viruses at the combination three start temperatures, 45, 40 and 35 °C, and three additions of urea, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % and reference, 0 % urea addition.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera skillnader i uppfattningar om lojalitet mellan kunder och personal i ett tjänsteföretag. Teori: Teorin baserar sig på lojalitet och är hämtad från Barroso och Picon (2012). Det centrala i teorin är flerdimensionellt begrepp av lojalitet. Vår teoretiska modell är fullt testbar. Metod: En kvantitativ metod har använts under denna undersökning.

Sandwichväggar med ett bärande skikt dimensioneras vanligen så att enbart innerskalet bidrar till bärförmågan, medan klimatskärmen (isolering, armeringsstege och ytterskalet) statiskt sett uteslutande betraktas som en last. I denna uppsats undersöks möjligheten att utnyttja klimatskärmens förstyvande effekt på innerskalet vid dimensioneringen av bärförmågan. Arbetet har delvis genomförts medelst en litteraturstudie som har undersökt material som behandlar sandwichväggar och inbegrep även en kunskapsfördjupning inom betongens egenskaper som konstruktionsmaterial. En beräkning av exempelväggens bärförmåga utförs initialt utan klimatskärmens förstyvande effekter som därefter genomförts separat. Resultaten för ett antal väggvariationer redovisas i form av diagram och analyseras. Beräkningen ger relativt små förstyvningstillskott samtidigt som litteraturstudien visar att utnyttjandet av förstyvningen ökar risken för sprickor i fasadskivan. Således dras slutsatsen att det ej är rekommendabelt att försöka utnyttja eventuella tillskott..

Vårt examensarbete innebar att skapa ett system för digital lagring av trafikolyckor som inträffat i Kiruna centralort. De dataprogram vi använde oss av var ESRI Arc-view, Microsoft Access och Excel. Arbetsgång: Vi använde oss av Kiruna kommuns databas över vägnamn som via en länk kopplade ihop programmen Arc-view och Access. Alla vägnamn kommer därmed att finnas tillgängliga i Access databasen. Varje trafikolycka tilldelas ett unikt diarienummer vid inmatning i Access.

The purpose of our study is to determine whether a membership in FRII exercise any influence over the fundraising organizations accounting and work, and if that?s the case we want to study the effects.We began with a search for information about the theories we intended to use in our study and to establish hypotheses. We came to the conclusion that the agency theory and the stakeholder model were the most relevant theories for our work. We also chose to discuss problems in accounting, legitimacy theory and standard setting.We decided to conduct a total opinon poll due to the fact that FRII only have approximately seventy members. We also decided to conduct a cross section approach which means that the attempt of our study is broad but rather shallow.

In this thesis, three separate experiments have been performed on different aspects of the interaction between the causal agent of clubroot, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and its hosts. In the first experiment the pathotype of the P. brassicae single spore isolate, which is currently used to construct a reference genome, has been classified using the ECD bioassay. The disease severity of infected plants was scored according to two different scales and the pathotype was determined according to three previously published guidelines. The results were compared to previous published studies describing the e3 isolate. The life cycle of P. brassicae is not well understood.

Arbetet behandlar chefer i kommunal verksamhet och vad de ska ha fokus på i sitt chefskap för att öka uppfattningen hos sina medarbetare att de är bra chefer. Syftet med studien är att på ett överskådligt vis redogöra för hur stor betydelse olika delar av ledarskapet har för hur medarbetare uppfattar chefer som helhet. Den övergripande frågeställningen är: Vad ska chefer i kommunal verksamhet fokusera på för att ha nöjda medarbetare? För att besvara vår frågeställning har vi utgått från ett kvantitativt insamlat material som består av enkätundersökningar utförda i åtta svenska kommuner, mellan åren 2004 till 2006. Antalet svarande totalt sett är 30 318 personer, varav nära 2 300 är chefer.

Since their invention in 1999, CubeSats have become a widespread standard for small picosatellite missions. CubeSats allow for quick development of satellite payloads and launch in space without the high costs of a normal satellite. Emphasis during the CubeSat design process is placed on use of commercialoff- the-shelf (COTS) components and reuse of previously-designed units.This report describes the interfacing of a scientific magnetometer, the Small Magnetometer in Low-Mass Experiment (SMILE) to such a CubeSat mission, the Space Weather using Ion spectrometers and Magnetometers (SWIM). Design of a complete platform for use in multiple such missions is presented here.Modularity is one of the key aspects followed in the course of the work. A new board containing the analog pick-up and compensation circuitry for SMILE has been designed to fit inside a CubeSat frame.

ABSTRACTSince Robert D. Putnam first wrote about the causes behind the regional differences in economic and political development in Italy, the theory of social capital has truly flourished in the fields of social science. This days you constantly hear politicians and scholars stressing the important role of the quality of the social fabric to a society?s wellbeing. There all looking at ways to construct policies and institutions that help the spread of social capital.

Bakgrund: Kompetensbeskrivning för legitimerad sjuksköterska beskriver att det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att ge patienten en god och säker vård ur ett etiskt perspektiv samt genom beprövad erfarenhet. Patientnärmre vård är ett arbetssätt som sätter patienten och dennes problem och behov i centrum. Omvårdnadens kvalitet ökar och ger en snabbare rehabiliteringstid för patienten. Syfte: Att granska vad den patientnära tiden innebär för sjuksköterskan och se vad den innehåller. Hur mycket tid, totalt, läggs ner på patientnära tid under ett dagspass? Metod: Empirisk, strukturerad icke deltagande observationsstudie med kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to in a comparative and causal way explore whether there is a relationship between risk and return and also how it is perceived on the Nordic financial markets.Theory: The theoretical frame of reference applied in the thesis is considered relevant inthe perspective of the study?s purpose and research questions. We have among other theories used The Capital Asset Pricing Model, The Efficient Market Hypothesis and various Behavioural finance theories.Method: The study has its starting point in a quantitative approach with a quantitative data analysis supported by secondary data extracted from Thomson Reuters.Empirics: The empirics contains regression analyses made from calculated secondary data of 240 randomly chosen companies from Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, NasdaqOMX Copenhagen, Nasdaq OMX Helsinki and Oslo Bors.Conclusion: The study conclusions show that there are both a negative and positive relationship between volatility and actual return on the investigated markets. Considering this prior statement we can conclude that the Capital Asset Pricing Model can?t correctly describe the actual relationship between the parameters investigated on the current sample.

Fixturer är vanliga i tillverkningsindustrin för att hålla detaljer på plats under tiden de monterassamman. Det vanliga är att fixturerna konstrueras för varje specifik uppsättning av detaljer som skafixeras. Ibland uppstår behovet att kunna justera fixturer så att de kan återanvändas. Den typ avflexibel fixtur som används i detta arbete har fått namnet flexapod.Arbetets resultat är ett grafiskt användargränssnitt, en operatörspanel, som hjälper operatören medjusteringen av flexapoderna. Målet för operatören är att justera längden på flexapodens sex ben såatt flexapoden hamnar i önskat läge.

Variations in fertility have caused a problematic situation in Sweden among other European countries. According to the Council of Europe we are facing an economic and demographic challenge, when the baby boomers of the 1940?s are retiring. Economists have for a long time studied the connection between economic factors and fertility, and several studies have found a correlation between business cycles and birth rates. This connection is again of current interest 2008, when a financial bubble bursts at the same time as a baby boom occurs.