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227 Uppsatser om Breeding - Sida 8 av 16
Effekter av predationsrisk på sånglärkors (Alauda arvensis) habitatval på åkermark
Along with other European farmland birds, the skylark (Alauda arvensis) has declined rapidly since the 1970?s. Between 1975 and 2003, the Swedish population of skylarks declined with 64 %. In Britain, the decline is often explained by alterations in farming practices in general and the shift from spring-sown to winter-sown cereals in particular. The dense vegetation structure of winter cereals is limiting the number of Breeding attempts possible, causing the entire population to decline.
Uppfödning av gyltor till hållbara suggor
Half of Sweden?s 140 000-150 000 sows are culled and replaced by 75 000 gilts annually. Culling of old sows is necessary and allows new Breeding material to enter the herd. However, many of the culled sows are young, and have not yet become profitable at the time for culling. Therefore, it is an important question for the pig industry, how to raise gilts to sows with a high and sustainable production level.
Jaktprov hos brittiska stående fågelhundar
In 1996 a hunting test for British gun dogs was started in Sweden, based on a similar one al-ready in place in Norway. The aim of the new test was to describe the hunting ability of the dog and to use the results as a basis for selection. However, up to now, no genetic study of these data has been done. Therefore the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the traits measured in the hunting test and to investigate whether the traits can summarized into fewer overall measures.
Data from trails of British gundogs between 1996 and 2005 in Sweden were used to estimate genetic parameters and environmental effects in hunting performance. British gundogs consist of five different breeds: Pointer, English setter (ES), Gordon setter (GS), Irish red setter (Irl S) and Irish red and white setter.
Att bo eller inte bo : En studie av tidigneolitisk bebyggelse i Sydskandinavien och på de brittiska öarna
One of the most discussed archaeological subjects is the neolitisation, and the start of a neolithic lifestyle which is characterized by several significant events. The traditional view has been that settled people were cultivating and Breeding, but this picture has been questioned and changed in later years. The development is principally based on two models; that already neolithic people immigrated and took over, or that the new lifestyle gradually developed out of the existing cultures. Southern Scandinavia was characterized by a settlement pattern with permanent settlements which were complemented by temporary special settlements, but in time more domestic settlements originated. On the British Isles the settlements didn´t consist of permanent agricultural settlements but instead did the people here move freely between several short term settlements. .
Genetic parameters affecting leg length, leg weakness, hip- and elbow conformation in domesticated dogs, in comparison with pigs
Genetic parameters for four leg conformation traits in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are in this literature review summarized to investigate whether selective Breeding could be useful to improve purebred dogs´ health and welfare. The four traits are leg length, leg weakness, hip joint and elbow joint conformation. When summarized, the genetic parameters are compared with genetic parameters affecting in pigs (Sus scrofa). Of the four traits, hip and elbow conformations were mostly studied in dogs. However, these traits were not widely studied in pigs.
Sjukdomsfrekvens och utslagningsorsaker hos kor med 12 respektive 15 månaders kalvningsintervall
The incidence of many of the most common diseases in dairy cattle has been proven to be highest during the time closest to calving. It is possible that the current Breeding strategy with 12 month calving intervals increases the risk for disease in dairy cattle, which is problematic concerning both animal welfare and for economic reasons. The economic incentives behind a calving interval of 12 to 13 months have mainly been based on milk- and feed- costs and no costs due to diseases or fertility disturbances have been included.The aim of this study was to see if a lengthening of the calving interval would result in lower disease frequency. The hypothesis is that cows with a planned calving interval of 15 months have a lower disease incidence than cows with a calving interval of 12 months due to less number of calvings. Therefore the difference in disease frequency should be larger when compared over a long period of time, such as over lifetime, since cows with a longer calving interval experience fewer calvings.The study was performed between August 17th, 1994, and January 24th, 2007.
När och varför dör smågrisarna under diperioden?
The purpose of this study was to compile when and why piglets die during the suckling peri-od. Piglet mortality is an important factor influencing the profitability of piglet production. There are many factors that play a role and interact whit each other. This study summarizes when the piglets die during the suckling period and reasons why the piglets die. The infor-mation given is crushed, illness, management/environmental, genetic influence and piglet birth weight/farrowingprocess.
Genetisk studie av inavel och fertilitet hos hund :
InBreeding, the mating of related individuals, has been the one dominating Breeding strategy for dog breeders during the last 200 years. However, its negative effects on fer-tility and other fitness traits, a phenomenon called inBreeding depression, have been ignored in the quest of perfect unity in conformation or performance. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that litter size is reduced as a consequence of in-Breeding, affected by both the inBreeding coefficient of the dam and the litter and that a rapid increase in the inBreeding coefficient affects litter size more than a slower rate.
Data were collected from the Swedish Kennel Club registry of origin. Breeds included in the study were the Bernese Mountain Dog, the Cocker Spaniel, the Golden Retriever, the Rottweiler and the West Highland White Terrier.
Maasai herding and milking strategies : a case study of goals and decision-making within the household
In Kenya the Maasai pastoralists have based their livelihoods on dairy production and the production goal is to maintain a sufficient milk supply throughout the year. The pastoral dairy production has two vital characteristics; Breeding and milking. Traditionally, Breeding is the men?s responsibility, while milking is the duty of women. Depending on this partition of chores between men and women, they also have different management routines, ambitions and strategies regarding the milk production.
Utvärdering av förbättrad metod för objektiv kvalitetsbedömning av spermiemotilitet hos hingst :
In this trial we used QualispermTM as an objective method of measuring stallion semen.
Samples of semen were analyzed before and after centrifugation. Motility and concentration
were statistically analyzed. During the trial all the objective mesaurments were compared to a
subjective method.
The advantages of QualispermTM compared to older CASA- systems is it´s ability of
measuring a greater amount of spermatozoa while it also grades them into different
subpopulations. These subpopulations have different qualities that decides their capacity of
fertilization.
The results showed that this objective method might be used practically. Although, there are
still some disadvantages, such as high costs and the necessarity of accurat training of the
handler.
If it´s possible to prove further relevant results that also are statistically correct, this could
prove the usefulness of QualispermTM as an objective measurment method in the daily work
at gestuts and stallion stations, thus giving the staff a reliable instrument in assisting the work
for an improved horse Breeding in Sweden, improving both in quality and economically..
Androstenons fysiologiska roll hos grisar
It is mainly high levels of androstenone and skatole in adipose tissue that is the reason behind boar-taint, which is an unpleasant odor and taste from the meat of adult male boars. The purpose of this literature study is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the physioloical functioning of androstenone. There are several studies showing androstenone´s function as a pheromone, and that it is an important part of communication and mating behavior between pigs. Androstenone is produced in the testes of the boar and transported via the bloodstream to the salivary glands where it is excreted with the saliva. Sows sense the pheromone, not via the vomeronasal organ as previously considered, but via the olfactory mucosa.
Valfrihet inom den svenska hälso- och sjukvården: En studie av patienters beslutsfattande
Citizens? freedom of choice has been a subject of debate in Sweden for over 30 years. This study focuses on decision making processes among patients within the Swedish healthcare system. The main conclusions are that in contrast to how patients? freedom of choice is described within governmental bills and governmental inquires and reports, patients are not following the steps included in the rational model of decision making.
?Community based breeding programs? för små idisslare i Afrika : framgångsfaktorer och utmaningar
Hållbara avelsprogram för småbönder med getter och får i Afrika är ett viktigt verktyg för att öka människors välfärd på kontinenten. Historiskt sett har inte alla program tagit hänsyn till böndernas vitala roll i programmens utformning. Därför har det på flera håll i Afrika startats upp s.k. community based Breeding programs (CBBP) - avelsprogram som anpassats till lokala förhållanden och engagerar de småskaliga bönderna i avelsstrategierna ? och ett antal har visats vara framgångsrika.
Denna uppsats presenterar uppbyggnaden av CBBP och beskriver två NGO-initierade projekt för att diskutera vilka faktorer som har gjort dem framgångsrika.
Utvärdering av Balsgårds nya äppelgenbank :
To identify and evaluate apple cultivars is not an easy task, since the taste and appearances of the fruit are affected by where the apple tree grows. At the Balsgård new apple gene bank there is a unique and interesting collection of over 260 different cultivars from all over the world. To find out if these cultivars are consistent with previously published descriptions, the fruit was evaluated for some of the cultivars. Among the evaluated cultivars some were selected that could be suitable for cultivation and/or fruit Breeding. A few cultivars were in addition analyzed at a consumer evaluation at the Kivik apple market where visitors could vote for the most beautiful apple and the best taste.
Tracheas dimension hos Engelsk Bulldog : en retrospektiv radiologisk pilotstudie på svenska hundar
There is desire to evaluate the tracheal diameter in the Swedish population of English Bulldog, a breed with breathing disorders, and if possible use it as a criteria for Breeding in the hope of improving the life situation for these dogs. The Swedish Kennel Club has together with the Swedish Club for English Bulldog and veterinarians presented a five year radiological study that has the purpose to give an average look on how the tracheal situation is in the population. The trachea will be evaluated through two different methods, both measuring two distances in the thorax. The first one compares the tracheal diameter to the height of the cranial opening of the thorax, and the second one to the width of the third rib. With the measured distances one will calculate a quotient and compares it to the reference values.This study is designed to get a preliminary evaluation, based on the 65 dogs that were available on the time for the study, with measurements done by two persons on three different occasions each.