The purpose of the study was to describe the nurse´s role and experiences aroundpreparation of children in front of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement andblood draw. The study used a descriptive design with qualitative approach and wasperformed on a pediatric clinic in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were performedwith seven nurses of whom the first was a pilot interview, which was included in theresult. The recruitment of nurses was made by a purposeful sampling, maximumvariation sampling, with help of the quality coordinator of the pediatric clinic. Thecollected data was analyzed with the manifest qualitative content method.

Postoperative site infections are the second most common health care associated infection in Sweden. Surgical procedures can lead to postoperative site infection causing great suffer for the patient and an extended care time with an increased cost as a result. In preparation for surgery, it is important that the skin is well prepared with antiseptics to decrease the risk of postoperative site infection. The purpose with this study was to shed light upon the skin preparation before surgery and its significance to postoperative site infection. Ten scientific articles have been scrutinized and compiled and two themes have been identified ? the preoperative and the intraoperative skin preparation.

SMC Pneumatics is a world leading company in pneumatics. In Sweden, they have about one third of the pneumatic market. The company has noticed that their air preparation series not always have the appearance that the costumers are looking for. Their competitors have on their similar products put more effort in making them more attractive. To solve this problem it has in this project been developed a concept for aForm Shell.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the social integration amongst newly arrived students in the two different school systems Sweden welcomes them into. The first school system takes in newly arrived students into preparation classes whilst the other integrates the students directly into ordinary classrooms. The examination is based on qualitative observations in the classroom, canteen, and playground, and interviews with teachers and a select few students from each school system.The result of the study showed that newly arrived students in ordinary classes are socially integrated more into the school than the newly arrived students that are welcomed into a preparation class. Newly arrived students are offered a larger chance of being integrated into the school environment if they are introduced directly into an ordinary class. In preparation classes, social integration is narrowed down to between the classmates.

The Swedish Armed Force has a need to streamline the preparation of an exercise in tactical training for soldiers because the preparation of an exercise is currently laborious and time consuming when commanders manually share files to each computer that will be included in the exercise. The degree project was to create a file sharing program within the internal network of the Defence Forces? international centre (Swedint). The program is used by the training management to effectively start up an exercise where soldiers train tactical training in a simulated combat environment. The training management use this program to upload files to a server which notifies all the computers on the network to download these files.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor rekommenderas av Världshälsoorganisationen att amma exklusivt i sex månader och delvis i två år eller längre. Studier visar att amning har hälsofrämjande effekter på både modern och barnet. Trots detta är amningsförekomsten en sjunkande trend i Sverige. Råd och stöd av sjuksköterskor har betydelse för amningsförekomsten. Studier visar att mödrar som har hög self-efficacy till sin förmåga att amma, ammar i högre utsträckning.Syfte: Att undersöka om en intervention i form av evidensbaserad amningsinformation kan öka mödrars self-efficacy kring amning samt om förekomsten av exklusiv amning ökade när barnet var fyra veckor gammalt.Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvantitativ ansats och var baserad på en kvasiexperimentell före- och efter design med en kontrollgrupp (n=23) och en interventionsgrupp (n=27).

I ett internationellt perspektiv har Sverige hög amningsfrekvens, men under 2000-talet har amningsfrekvensen sjunkit och stora regionala skillnader ses. Kvinnorna rekommenderas att helamma sex månader. Mödravårdcentralen (MVC) informerar om bröstmjölkens hälsoeffekter som till exempel att bröstmjölken skyddar barn mot allergier. Forskning visar att överviktiga och feta kvinnor har kortare amningsduration, men få studier behandlar svenska förhållanden. Syfte: Syfte med fördjupningsarbetet är att studera samband mellan mammans BMI relaterat till amningsduration och mammans skattning av barnets hälsa de tre första levnadsåren.

In order to evaluate different afforestation methods for exposed heath lands a field experiment was established in Mosfell on southern Iceland in 1989. The trial comprised six different site preparation methods (control, herbicide application, tree shelters, patch scarification, TTS trenching and mounding). In total 960 container seedlings (1+0) and 960 Nisula roll transplants (2+1) of lodgepole pine were planted. Various planting positions (furrow, hinge, no site preparation (control) and on top of mounds) were tested within the site preparation treatments. This study involves renewed measurements and analyses of the trial.After 19 years the overall survival was 51,7 %.

My study is about a preparation class in a selected municipality. It is based on the child¹s perspective, and it tries to highlight the school situation of new arrivals in a school where the majority of the pupils are of Swedish origin. The purpose of my study is to visualize how the education for newly arrived children is organized in the municipality, and to get an understanding of a range of student?s view of the schooling in the preparation class as an introduction to a regular class.To reach my goal, I have used qualitative methods, based on qualitative interviews. The interviews were made with six newly arrived pupils, and one interview was made with the deputy head of the school, which is in charge of immigrant education in the municipality.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) detection of heavy metals is a cost- and time-effective method for investigation of polluted areas. Compared to laboratory analysis, XRF analysis is limited by high detection limits and uncertainties in some situations. Preparation of samples is known to affect the results of measurements.The purpose of this thesis is to bring a deeper understanding of how different factors affect the results of XRF-analysis. A large number of measurements have been made with the instruments Niton XLt 700 and Niton Xli 700. Results from measurements of lead, zinc and copper have been analysed.This study has shown that a greater moisture content will give a lower measured concentration for the same sample.

Bakgrund: Hälsofördelarna med amning är välkända, och sedan 1992 försöker svenska sjukhus arbeta efter internationella amningsrekommendationer. Trots detta framkommer brister i vården och amningsstatistiken i Sverige sjunker.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka amningsdurationen hos förstföderskor, om den kunde associeras med vården de fått i samband med barnets födelse och första levnadsdygn, samt med mammornas skattning av amningsstöd vid amningsstart.Metod: Designen var en longitudinell kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och urvalet var icke slumpmässigt konsekutivt. I samband med utskrivning från BB, tillfrågades 63 mammor om att delta i en enkätstudie med frågor gällande vården de fått i relation till amning och 52 mammor besvarade enkäten. Efter nio till tolv månader blev de uppringda för en kortare uppföljning och 50 mammor valde att delta.Resultat: Medianen för durationen av exklusiv amning var tre månader och tre veckor och medianen för durationen av partiell amning var åtta månader. Amningsstödet på BB skattades högre vid det första mättillfället, men det påvisades inte ha något samband med amningsdurationen.

The thesis is based on a case study of a Swedish discussion forum where survivalism and prepping is the main focus. The awareness of an abrupt and immanent breakdown together with a full and thorough preparation for any conceivable threat posed by that breakdown is what legitimizes survivalism and prepping. This preparation, or risk-proofing is 1) grounded in an isolation of the body and its predispositions from perceived risks, and 2) actualized through artefacts, theoretical and practical knowledge and awareness. Stories of the embodied survivalist are also stories of masculine and heterosexual subjects and ?the others?.

A church in rural Vester Egede from the earliest Christian period in Denmark e.g. the early 1100, a baptismal font is found showing a woman breastfeeding two animals. She is said to be a typical early roman Luxuria, in mild appearance. However, what makes her unique is that she appears standing on the top of her head, her womb serving as font. The main question is how come that a baptismal font like this is to be found in a church, leading to the sub question, if this font really has a Christian origin or could it be rooted in Norse, pre-Christian tradition, alternatively is the font an expression of a syncretism between the two colliding cultures.

Background Calprotectin is a protein expressed in the cytoplasm inside the neutrophile granulocytes. During inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the neutrophile granulocytes are involved in a complex interaction at the inflammatory area where they die and release their content into the intestinal lumen. Therefore, calprotectin in stool is a suitable marker for diagnosis and measurement of the disease-activity in patients with IBD. The most commonly used method to detect calprotectin in stool is ELISA, but the process of manual preparation of stool samples is time-consuming.Aim The objective of the study was to evaluate an extraction method that could replace manual preparation of fecal samples and to compare different methods for measuring Calprotectin in stool using two ELISA-methods from two manufacturers and one rapidtest.Methods For extraction of calprotectin from stool samples we used sample collector tubes from Epitope Diagnostics and fecal preparation kits from Roche. Two different ELISA-kits for measuring calprotectin concentration in stool were compared.

The thesis is based on a case study of a Swedish discussion forum where survivalism and prepping is the main focus. The awareness of an abrupt and immanent breakdown together with a full and thorough preparation for any conceivable threat posed by that breakdown is what legitimizes survivalism and prepping. This preparation, or risk-proofing is 1) grounded in an isolation of the body and its predispositions from perceived risks, and 2) actualized through artefacts, theoretical and practical knowledge and awareness. Stories of the embodied survivalist are also stories of masculine and heterosexual subjects and ?the others?.