Modern forestry requires a high degree of machine traffic for clear felling and scarification operations. The machines most frequently used are big and the traffic often results in tracks on the forest ground. There are many small streams running through a forest, in connection to logging operations, machines might cross these frequently. These crossings could result in the erosion of fine particulate inorganic matter, which ends up in the stream. The aim of this thesis was to give a general description of small forest streams of order-one in the county of Värmland and to determine the frequency of machine tracks in small streams.

Hemoplus® (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Tyskland) is a guaiac-based fecal occult blood test developed for human medicine. Guaiac-based tests make use of the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin so the test is not specific for human hemoglobin and can therefore be used in veterinary medicine. Peroxidase-containing foods such as meat (hemoglobin and myoglobin) can cause false-positive results of the test. To ensure that a positive result is not caused by diet, it has been suggested that canine patients should be fed a meatless diet for a few days prior to fecal occult blood testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial dog food on guaiac-based tests. In this study fecal samples from healthy dogs were analyzed with Hemoplus®.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen bland kvinnor idag och var tionde kvinna drabbas någon gång av sjukdomen. Genetiska faktorer kan öka risken för att drabbas av bröstcancer. Tidig menarche och sen menopaus hör även de till riskfaktorerna. De behandlingsmetoder för bröstcancer som finns tillgängliga är kirurgisk behandling, strålbehandling, cytostatika, hormonpreparat samt annan medicinsk behandling. Indikationen för hormonell behandling är om tumörcellerna har östrogenpositiva receptorer på sin cellyta.

Tropical rain forests only cover around six percent of the world?s land area and contain around 70 % of the world´s animals and plants. Tropical rainforests have been, and still are, negatively affected by human activities. These activities lead to forest degradation which has negative impacts on production and biodiversity. Between 1970-1980 forests in Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia, was subjected to intense logging.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är i dag den vanligast förekommande cancersjukdomen som beräknas drabbas en tredjedel av Sveriges kvinnor. Detta är en potentiellt livshotande sjukdom vilket innebär att de flesta av de drabbade kvinnorna kommer att genomgå en omvälvande upplevelse med lång tid av behandlingsåtgärder. Bröstcancersjukdom innebär att livssituationen förändras vilket kan medföra att kvinnans hela trygghet blir annorlunda. När livet drastiskt omskapas kan kvinnans totala livskvalitet sättas i obalans. Studier som undersöker hur kvinnor upplever livskvalitet och hur den förändras i samband med att de drabbas av bröstcancer är betydelsefulla ur flera perspektiv.

The purpose of this work was that with the help of a literature review have a single document with information on how the various species: brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx) and the wolf (Canis lupus) living in the wild. The aim was also to show which stereotypic behaviours these different species have in zoos and the enrichments that is already being used and to make suggestions and recommendations on enrichment based on animal behaviour ecology. In zoos, some species thrive well while others have propositions to propagating problems, poor health and stereotypic behaviors. The brown bear, lynx and wolf, live both in the wild and in zoos in Sweden. As these animals have different ways of living in the wild, it is important to accommodate to each species, the way they are kept in zoos in accordance with their behavioural ecology.Brown bears are omnivorous and solitary living species with large energy needs so that they spend most of their day to actively feeding but also rest.

The most suitable method to answer the issues of this study was to do a combined literature- and questionnaire study. The literature part of the study was based on Original Research articles, Review Articles and books with a list of reference literature after each chapter and the purpose was to answer the questions ?What feed items should be given to rabbits in different life stages? and ?Which problems may develop from an inadequate diet?? Two questionnaires were constructed. One was sent by e-mail to small animal veterinary hospitals to be answered anonymously by veterinary nurses. The other was linked to from two internet forums, that with rabbits as their focus.

This bachelor-level thesis in historical osteology deals with several aspects of the life-cycle of an RomanIron Age farm in southern Scania. Excavated in the 1980's by Lars Larsson, the farm was located near aplace called Långåker in the Dybäck area, on a cape which stretched out into a minor bog. Our work concerns why the Iron Age people settled the area, how well fragmented bone survives in a bog, what they produced at the farm and how life on the farm finally ended. From the roughly 10 % of the total number of fragments we where able to identify we can conclude, that he species that are present of the farm areusual Iron Age species (dog, sheep/goat, cattle and swine). We also have a relitivly large number of wildanimals in our material (2%).

The standard housing of farmed mink provides little opportunities for them to behave naturally and abnormal behaviours such as stereotypic behaviour and tail biting may occur. To prevent abnormal behaviours animals in captivity are often provided with different kinds of enrichments. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of enrichment farmed mink use when they have several kinds to choose from and to observe if abnormal behaviours can be decreased with a larger cage and a more multifaceted environment. Totally 20 silver blue, 10 months old female mink were kept in traditional cages (80x30x40 cm) for 7 days and in larger cages (195x80x40 cm) with several types of enrichments for 7 days. The enrichments were wire net- and wooden shelves, wire net- and plastic cylinders, water bath, plastic ropes, branches, straw and tennis balls. One-zero scan sampling on behaviour and choice of place were performed during 3 hours and 20 minutes prior to feeding during 7 days per treatment in April 2004.

Osteokondros är en vanlig multifaktoriell sjukdom hos stora och snabbt växande hundraser och kan drabba flera leder så som exempelvis armbågs- och bogleder. En lokal störning i den endokondrala benbildningen i epifysen eller metafysens tillväxtbrosk leder till ojämnheter i brosket, som i sin tur orsakar smärta och hälta. Osteokondros påverkar hundens välfärd såväl som människans användning av hunden. Kunskap om sjukdomsförloppet och faktorer som påverkar sjukdomsutveckling krävs för att förhindra uppkomst av osteokondros. Den här litteraturgenomgången syftar till att klargöra huruvida utfodring påverkar utvecklingen av osteokondros hos hund och i så fall på vilket sätt. Litteraturstudien har avgränsats till betydelsen av överutfodring med energi och protein samt över- eller underutfodring med kalcium och fosfor. För att en normal ledyta ska bildas krävs ett intrikat samspel mellan mekanismerna för skelettillväxt, endokondral benbildning samt benremodulering.

The rainforests of the world are important not only to the countries in which they grow but to the world as a whole. They influence oxygen and water circulation as well as carbon sequestration which in turn affect global radiation and global warming. The forest also have great value and in Malaysia as in many other tropical countries large volumes are harvested which leaves great areas of degraded forest with little growth and biological diversity. Due to their low financial value these forests are often transformed and used for other purposes than forestry such as oil palm plantations. The trees are often transported out of the forest using large bulldozers. They are heavy which causes compaction of the forest floor and during transport the top soil layers are moved to improve mobility.

This thesis work has been performed on request by SWT (Scandinavia WeldTech AB). SWT manufactures, develop and sell ready to assemble building systems for concrete rafter beam applications. The beams in this system consist of a u-beam that is welded to a flange. To be able to fill the beams with concrete there is holes in the beams top end. The holes are made in a ?punching machine?.  These holes are cut out and the remaining steel piece is bent down in the u-beam.

Bakgrund: År 1991 lanserade WHO och UNICEF "Baby Friendly Hospitals Initiative" (BFHI). Motivet var den nedåtgående amningsfrekvensen världen över och de konsekvenser som det medförde till exempel socialt och ekonomiskt. Till grund fanns innocentdeklarationen som bygger på att alla BB avdelningar skall följa "tio steg till lyckad amning. Målet med detta är att främja, stödja och skydda amningen. Forskning visar att amningsfrekvensen har sjunkit de senaste åren i Sverige.Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka nyblivna mödrars upplevelse av stöd i sin förberedelse och uppstart av amning i Kronobergs län och jämföra detta med mödrar vid tre andra kvinnokliniker (Blekinge län, södra Kalmar län och norra Kalmar län).Metod: Undersökningen har en kvantitativ ansats.

In Europe poplar plantations has been planted for more than one hundred years. In the first plantation was made in 1940. The interest for poplars has since then shifted over the years and has for long periods been very low but is now slowly increasing again. The main reasons why poplars are becoming more interesting are because of their great production potential. Nevertheless, the knowledge of how to mange poplars in Sweden are very low and very little research has been done concerning management of the species. The objective for this study was to; 1) investigate and document experience and results obtained in practical Swedish forestry, 2) to give a fair picture of the perceived advantages and disadvantages that the poplars has for the forestry, 3) document what the foresters that has experience and those who has no experience of poplar plantations thinks about the potential of poplars.

Swedish farmers have the possibility to be subsidized by EU rural development programme for grazing animals on pastures to promote the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The environmental remedy sometimes does not allow supplementary feed and at the same time the Swedish Animal Welfare Act and the Swedish Agricultural Board?s regulations for animal welfare and protection states that animals, in this case horses, shall be fed with food of good quality and adapted for the species. The regulations also state that they should have an individual feeding regime that enables them to maintain a normal body condition. The aim with this master thesis has been to investigate if it is possible to keep Gotland ponies on extensive pastures, during late spring and summer and still maintain animal welfare. The horses were assessed every fourth week using a welfare assessment protocol developed in line with the Welfare Quality® project (submitted, Viksten et al) where physical, behavioural and resourcebased parameters were observed. Twelve one-year old stallions of the breed Gotland ponies purchased from different breeders were used in the study.