Introduction: Every year about 450 women in Sweden are diagnosed with cervical cancer, almost 200 die and thousands undergo surgery because of cell changes in the cervix. A HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer and therefor costs for the society. The implementation of a vaccination program against HPV is a way to avoid these costs. Aim: The study aimed to calculate the economic impact of the HPV- vaccination program for children in Sweden through a cost-benefit analysis. Method: In this analysis, status quo was compared with non-administration of the HPV-vaccine for the selected cohort of ten-years-old girls in Sweden.

Background: Hypochondriasis is associated with marked impairments in physical and psychological functioning, work performance and increased health care utilization. The prevalence among medical outpatients is estimated to be between 4,2 % and 6,3 %. Notwithstanding there is deficient research in this area. Until recently no specific treatment has been clearly demonstrated to be effective. Objective: The aim was to investigate experiences of what it is like to live with hypochondriasis, but also to examine different treatment options.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur patienter med cancer upplevde att vårdas palliativt i hemmet samt vilket behov av stöd de hade. Litteratursökningen genomfördes på databaserna Blackwell Synergy, PubMed och Elin. Artiklarna skulle vara publicerade mellan åren 1999 och 2007. Granskningen av artiklarna genomfördes med hjälp av en modifierad mall av Willman, Stoltz och Forsberg, Wengström. Urvalet resulterade i elva kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa artiklar.

AbstractThis master thesis was performed at Scania transmission department in Södertälje, where the manufacturing of gears is done. Today a large amount of manual handling is performed between the machining and the hardening process. Most of the manual handling is done at the heat treatment department. The purpose of this master thesis is to give a suggestion on how to reduce or eliminate the manual handling at the heat treatment department. The possibility to use the same packaging throughout the processes will also be investigated.

Att få cancer och att genomgå cytostatikabehandling är en realitet för många människor idag, vilket orsakar flera förändringar i en människas liv. I denna litteraturstudie var syftet att beskriva upplevelsen av cytostatikabehandling. Sexton internationella vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 1995-2002 som analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: att vara deprimerad och ha funderingar kring livet och döden, att självbilden, kroppens utseende och funktion förändrats, att tröttheten och förlusten av energi påverkar humöret och viljan, samt att få förändringar i munhåla, svalg och problem från magen. .

This article presents a survey of male dogs treated with the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin®, Virbac) at three animal clinics in central Sweden. Filled-in questionnaires from 110 dogs were received. The paper also includes a review of existing litterature concerning reproduction in male dogs, focusing on endocrinology, the effects of gonadectomy and the GnRH agonist deslorelin. Continuous treatment with deslorelin produces infertility in male dogs. The pituitary is initially stimulated by deslorelin leading to a rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. As a consequence the testosterone levels also increase temporarily.

Gender in Administrative Court of Appeal - A discourse analysis of verdicts concerning compulsory drug treatmentThe purpose of this study was to examine gender discourses that could be identified inverdicts concerning compulsory drug treatment. A discourse analysis was conducted of 46verdicts from an administrative court of appeal, located in central Sweden. The main findingsof the study was that the descriptions of women, more often than men, are based on factorsother than their addiction, such as appearance and social environment. Men are in all casesdescribed by their addiction and on their own behavior. Women are presented as they riskvulnerability, while men are presented already suffer from vulnerability.

SAMMANFATTNINGSyfte Att studera om det förelåg skillnader i hunger, sug, motivation, koncentration samt törst beroende på andelen protein i kosten vid negativ energibalans. Metod Som en del av en större interventionsstudie användes enkäter i form av självskattningskalor för att studera de olika faktorerna (hunger, sug, motivation, koncentration och törst) vid normalt respektive lågt proteinintag vid negativ energibalans. Den större studien innefattade bl a moment så som fysiska arbetsprov, biokemiska tester, direkt ?och indirekt respiratorisk kalorimetri. Resultat Studien visar att ett proteinintag på 2,5 gram per kilo kroppsvikt varken ger minskad hunger eller minskat sug jämfört med vid ett proteinintag på 1.0 gram per kilo kroppsvikt.

Assessing the emotional state in animals is important in order to establish the quality of their welfare, therefore it is important to investigate under what circumstances animals experience these emotions and to find indicators of their existence. The aim of this thesis was to detect possible behavioural indicators for positive emotions in dogs. These behavioural indicators could be helpful to increase both dogs? and humans? overall well-being in today?s society since they could help e.g. dog owners and caretakers to interpret behaviours displayed by dogs and their intentions so they can respond accordingly.The subjects used were 9 research beagles and each dog participated in three different treatments, assumed to be experienced as positive situations, where communicative interaction was initiated with the dog by engaging in 1) physical contact (P), 2) verbal contact (V) or 3) both physical and verbal contact simultaneously (PV).

Bakgrund: Antal personer som får diagnosen cancer ökar varje år. Palliativ vård innebär vård, lindring och stöd i det skede då sjukdomen inte längre går att bota. Cancer är en av de sjukdomar som kan leda till palliativ vård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka personens upplevelser av sjuksköterskans omvårdnad inom palliativ vård. Metod: Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie.

AbstractThis master thesis was performed at Scania transmission department in Södertälje, where the manufacturing of gears is done. Today a large amount of manual handling is performed between the machining and the hardening process. Most of the manual handling is done at the heat treatment department. The purpose of this master thesis is to give a suggestion on how to reduce or eliminate the manual handling at the heat treatment department. The possibility to use the same packaging throughout the processes will also be investigated.

Septic tenosynovitis involving the digital sheath is a relatively common problem in the horse and the prognosis has been considered as poor. However, there are only few studies confirming this. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about the prognosis for septic tenosynovitis in the digital sheath. The literature indicates that half or a bit more than half of the treated horses will return to previous use. The recommended treatment is debridement of the wound, lavage and sometimes application of drains and broadspectrum antibiotics. The prognosis is considered as worse when the infection is established.

Bakgrund: Cancer är ett samlingsnamn för många sjukdomar som har gemensamt att sjukaceller börjar dela sig okontrollerat och bildar tumörer. Ordet cancer är skrämmande och dendrabbade begränsas av sjukdomen, men det är inställningen till sjukdomen som avgörupplevelsen av hälsa.Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur individer med obotlig cancersjukdomupplever sin hälsa.Metod: Uppsatsen utfördes med en kvalitativ ansats baserad på sex självbiografier skrivna avpersoner med obotlig cancersjukdom. För att analysera biografierna användes kvalitativinnehållsanalys (Lundman & Hällgren Granheim, 2012)Resultat: Det framkommer i resultatet att stödet från närstående och vänner var viktigt liksomatt leva så normalt som möjligt. Gemensamt var att finna livskraft och mening i stödet ochkärleken de fick från sina närstående samt att kunna leva sitt liv som de gjorde innan de blevsjuka. Även den religiösa tron var viktig och gav styrka och hopp.Slutsats: Trots att de sjuka visste att de skulle dö inom en snar framtid så kunde de ändå finnahälsa i sitt liv.

Jumper´s knee is a common overuse injury due to repetitive microtrauma to the patellar tendon. It is especially common among athletes who are involved in sporting activities that involve jumping or fast running. The term jumper´s knee was adopted after Blazina published his original paper in 1973. Its pathology can be considered as a partial or total rupture of the patellar tendon in one of its three insertions. The aim of this literature study was to review the methods used to treat this condition and the results obtained focusing on pain relief and returning to previous sport or level of activity.

Hair care is a hygienic treatment and is supervised by the Local Environment and Public Health Committee in the municipality. According to the Swedish Environmental Code, hairdressers as all practitioners are required to take measurements to protect the environment and public health. In hygienic treatments hazards may arise from inadequate hygiene practice which spread infection. Hazards may also arise from the use of hair care products such as permanent wave solutions, bleaches and hair dyes. Some hair dye components are known to cause contact allergy, mostly in hair dressers who are exposed professionally but also in some cases in consumers.