Denna uppsats har utförts som ett kandidatarbete vid Textilingenjörsutbildningen på Textilhögskolan i Borås. Arbetets uppdrag gavs av Svenska Sjöräddnings-sällskapets innovations- avdelning i Göteborg och syftade till att försöka utveckla ett sjöräddningsrep med mindre motstånd i vatten, och därigenom underlätta och minimera energiåtgång vid sjöräddning. Idag används bland annat kastlinor med en mindre diamter för att hjälpa människor över bord men även rep med grövre diameter och tvärsnitt används som till exempel bogser-trossar för att hjälpa båtar i nöd. Repen ser olika ut gällande repkonstruktion, utvecklingsarbetet ämnade att kombinera dessa två sorters rep till ett nytt ?universalrep? för sjöräddning med ett mindre motstånd i vatten.

In Sweden today so-called "prescribed nature conservation burning" is performed due to the change in silvicultural law, certification and an increased knowledge regarding the field of fire in the forest landscape. The aim is to re-create structures and qualities made by the fire regimes of the past, though on a much smaller geographical scale. The structures and qualities to be re-created are for example broad leaf stands, trees with large diameter, heterogeneous stands regarding variables such as age and diameter. If we increase our knowledge of the constitution of forests characterized by fire, then we will be able to set goals for what achievements to reach both on landscape scale and stand scale. The aim of this paper is to try to describe how a stand from the past was composed regarding mainly the spatial arrangement and compare it with the stand of today in the same place. This to be done by using relict material, that is stumps and dead standing trees.

Dead wood is important for many species. The amount of coarse dead wood (diameter >10 cm) is much lower in managed forest than in unmanaged forests. Stumps constitute the largest proportion of the volume of coarse dead wood in managed forests. Since stump harvest for biofuel may increase, the amount of dead wood will decrease even more, which may threaten biodiversity. The first aim of this study was to compare the amounts of fine woody debris (FWD, .

This report is an assessment of the feasibility of using aerial photographs to estimate number of stems per hectare in young forest stands, used together with upper height to determine the need for pre-commercial thinning or ordinary thinning cutting. Aerial photo-interpretation was conducted in 2007 on assignment of Stora Enso Skog AB. A mean height function based on stand age produced with data from Bergvik Skog AB?s 2006 forest inventory assessment was used as a proxy for upper height and used together with photo-interpreted number of stems per hectare to determine the need for thinning cutting according to Bergvik Skog AB?s definitions. The test area is located north of Falun on Bergvik Skog AB?s land.Flight altitude was approximately 900 m above ground and the aerial photos were taken by L&L Flygbildteknik AB.

Dead wood is important for many species. The amount of coarse dead wood (diameter >10 cm) is much lower in managed forest than in unmanaged forests. Stumps constitute the largest proportion of the volume of coarse dead wood in managed forests. Since stump harvest for biofuel may increase, the amount of dead wood will decrease even more, which may threaten biodiversity. The first aim of this study was to compare the amounts of fine woody debris (FWD, .

In this study it was investigated if the adoption of a new routine for quality control could improve the precision of the dimension measurement obtained by harvesters. Data was collected from three different harvesters. First, a reference data set was collected before the new procedures had been incorporated, and then when the new methodology was implemented another data set was collected by the harvester operators, allowing the two data set to be compered. The results indicated that following the implementation of the new procedures, the reliability and the precision of the measurements has increased. All harvesters included in the study had improved regarding most of the controlled factors such as standard deviation, systematic difference and hit rate within ± 2 cm for length and ± 4 mm for diameter..

The primary goal of this study was to investigate how the radial growth of retained trees responds after thinning-from-above. The National Board of Forestry which initiated this study, was interested in whether there were differences in the growth-response between the tree species Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Another question of issue was if there were differences in the growth response between trees of different sizes. It is within the framework of the National Board of Forestry?s, Continuous Forests Project that these urgent questions are to be answered.

Background: Small businesses are key participants in the growth at the Swedish market, partly for the labour opportunities, the technology and economic development. These companies should get resources to grow, both political and economic resources. The medtech companies in an introduction and expansion phase meet with problems concerning the financing of their growth. Key participants whom offer financing are Venture Capitalists.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine Venture Capitalists demands on medtech companies in an introduction and expansion phase. A comparison between the demands and how well medtech companies achieve them will be done.

Tidigare studier visar att ?summa 5 årsringsbredd med start 20 mm från märg vid brösthöjd? (5YRW) samvarierar med måttet grövsta kvist i rotstocken hos tall. Grövsta kvist är en viktig kvalitetsbeskrivande variabel som påverkar virkets värde och användningsområde. Riksskogstaxeringen tar borrkärnor på tillfälliga provytor. För varje provyta samlas data in för bestånds, träd och ståndorts ? variabler.

This study was conducted on a property with a thinning machine team. The purpose was to investigate in which machine, the harvester or the forwarder, that caused most damage to the trees in six different stands. Different factors, related to the damage frequency in the stands, were checked out. For example: basal area per hectare, thinning strength, tree diameter and the rate of production. The harvester drivers were also interviewed about how, when and why stem damages occur and how to minimize them. The study stated that 4.3 percent of the trees were damaged. Out of these 88 percent was caused by the harvester and the rest, 12 percent, by the forwarder..

Established brands often market themselves in the same way as they've always done. There are two main reasons for this, it has worked before and general marketing strategies tells them to do so. However, a fairly new branch of marketing research have found that incongruent marketing may be a better way for an established brand to communicate to their target groups. This thesis is all about incongruency. Previous research in the area of incongruency have never dealt with aesthetics of the incongruent ads.

I Sverige är trakthyggesbruk med kalhuggning det dominerande skötselsystemetmen intresset för kalhyggesfritt skogsbruk har ökat de senaste åren. Alternativentill kalavverkning är omdiskuterade och kritiseras ofta för att inte vara lönsamma.Målet med detta examensarbete är att analysera ett långtidsförsök med olikaskogsskötselsystem och att diskutera eventuella produktionsskillnader. De fem skötselåtgärdersom undersöktes var 1) kalavverkning med plantering av gran och tall,2) naturlig föryngring under fröträd, 3) blädningsbruk, 4) dimensionsavverkningoch 5) orörd skog (referensyta). Fältförsöket ligger på Siljansfors försökspark iDalarna och anlades 1923. Alla försöksytor har en areal av 1 ha.

Bakgrund. En gyllene standard för att bestämma noggrannheten för intraorala scannrar existerar inte. Intraorala scannrars prestanda som ges av olika leverantörer är inte fullt jämförbara. Det finns ett behov att standardisera och ta fram oberoende försöksupplägg för att kunna jämföra intraorala scannrar. Mål. Målet med studien var att beskriva och utvärdera en ny metod för att bestämma noggrannheten av intraorala scannrar genom ett standardiserat in vitro testförsök och att använda metoden för att beräkna noggrannheten på en kommersiell intraoral scanner. Material och metod.

Då en pappersrulle har partier där pappret är längre kallas det ibland för slappa stråk. Det finns flera orsaker till slappa stråk och en av dessa orsaker är att pappret har en ojämn tjockleksprofil. I dessa fall uppstår de slappa stråken eftersom den ojämna tjockleksprofilen gör att pappersrullen på de positioner där pappret är tjockare får en större diameter än i övrigt. Då papper rullas över dessa åsar eller valkar som har en större diameter töjs pappret ut och då det rullas av rullen är det slappt. Körbarhetsproblem till följd av att pappret är slappt i vissa partier är ett stort problem inom pappersindustrin.

This study of literature from the period 1920-1955 has shown that the profession of gardeners in Sweden went through several structural changes in the early and midst 20th century. The gardeners knowledge, which used to cover the whole horticultural spectra, was due to that no longer appreciated or useful. Prior the 1920?s the gardeners, especially the skilled craftsmen working for the upper-classes, were the ones who led progression in the horticultural field forward and their qualifications were many and diverse. Due to many factors, such as low economic and social status, functionalistic style and the fact that the branch were rationalized and modernized in general, lead up to a point where the gardener of old no longer fitted in, in the much more globalized and modern world of the 1950?s. .