Importerad soja är vanligt att använda i hästfoder som en proteinkälla, men de negativa effekterna på miljön som orsakas av odling och transport skapar ett intresse för inhemska alternativ. De inhemska proteinfodermedel som tagits upp i litteraturstudien är torkad vetedrank, potatisprotein, foderjäst, drav, ärtor, åkerbönor samt mjöl och expeller från raps och linfrö. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att se vilka möjligheter det finns att använda svenska proteinfodermedel till hästfoder vid bristande proteinhåll i grovfodret, istället för att ge dem importerad soja. Studien beaktar olika proteinfodermedel och huruvida de är lämpliga för olika hästkategorier, samt hästars behov av protein och specifika aminosyror. Även begränsande faktorer som anti-nutrionella substanser har belysts, samt miljöpåverkan och odlingsmöjligheterna av olika proteinfodermedel i Sverige.

The purposes of this study were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation traits in Swedish Ardenner, a heavy draught horse, and to investigate the inbreeding status of the population. Additionally, a breeding scheme proposal was created, based on the results achieved in the study. The data studied were obtained from the Swedish Horse Board and from the Swedish Ardenner Association. The data included 1632 three-year-old horses, mainly mares, and 356 stallions, judged between 1986 and 2005 at conformation shows. The traits studied were type, head-neck-body, legs, walk and trot at hand, total score and height at withers.

Sojabönor är en global gröda med odlingar i bland annat Brasilien, Kina och USA och i de köttsubstitut som säljs i Sverige baseras ungefär hälften av dem på sojaprotein. I Sverige domineras baljväxtodlingen av ärter och åkerbönor som blir djurfoder och odlingarna av baljväxter för humankonsumtion är mindre omfattande. Konsumenter i Sverige har dock fått ett ökat intresse för livsmedel med svenskt ursprung. För att öka variationen i den svenska baljväxtodlingen, bemöta konsumenters efterfrågan på inhemska livsmedel och minska miljöpåverkan i länder där sojabönorna produceras, har bondbönors möjligheter till att ersätta sojabönor i köttsubstitut undersökts. Metoden har varit en litteraturstudie som har kompletterats med en kvalitativ intervju med en person som är marknadsansvarig på ett köttsubstitutföretag.Kemiska föroreningar i naturen, minskad biodiversitet och för stor färskvatten användning är tre globala problem som uppmärksammats i Kina, USA och/eller Brasilien.

Bönor har visats ha många hälsofrämjande egenskaper, bland annat en fördelaktig fördelning av makronutrienter och vatten, ett lågt kaloriinnehåll, låg fetthalt, långsamma kolhydrater och viktiga mineraler. Samtidigt vill Livsmedelsverket rekommendera en fyrdubbling av intaget av baljväxter hos det svenska folket. Genom att delvis ersätta animaliskt protein med protein från baljväxter menar Livsmedelsverket att intaget av mättat fett och överflödig energi kan minskas, och därmed minskar också risken att drabbas av övervikt och hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar.Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken attityd en grupp grundskoleelever har till att äta baljväxter, med särskilt fokus på bönor och linser, och att studera hur mycket bönor och linser de äter i dagsläget. Studien vill även pröva ifall eleverna kan få en mer positiv attityd till bönor och linser om de exponeras för olika måltidstillbehör som är baserade på bönor under en tid.Enkäter delades ut före och efter experimentet för att mäta skillnader i attityd mot baljväxter bland skolungdomarna, med frågor om deras attityd till baljväxter samt vegetarisk mat.Resultatet visade en positiv utveckling av attityden till baljväxter. Studiens sammanställda resultat påvisade en förbättrad attityd till baljväxter hos eleverna.

Distillers? grain is a by-product of ethanol production. Corn, wheat and barley are the grains that are generally used in the distillery process. Distillers? grain is rich in protein and phosphorus.

Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening disease in horses. With no published work from Sweden, the objective of the study was to describe the occurrence and demographics of horses with peritonitis and to evaluate the outcome of treatment in terms of short-term survival during a ten-year period in a large clinic in Sweden. Data were examined in a retrospective manner in 69 horses diagnosed with and treated for peritonitis at Universitetsdjursjukhuset (UDS) in Uppsala between 2002-2012. Demographic data examined included age, breed, gender, history, duration of illness before arriving at UDS, reason for seeking veterinary care, initial clinical findings (general state of health, heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membrane appearance, rectal temperature, abdominal sounds, rectal examination, nasogastric tube results), abdominocentesis results (abdominal fluid analysis including visual inspection, leukocytes and protein, cytology, bacterial culture and sensitivity pattern), complete blood count (CBC), Serum amyloid-A (SAA) upon presentation and a follow up, plasma fibrinogen, plasma protein and albumin, treatments, length of hospitalisation and outcome. All medical records with the diagnosis of peritonitis were extracted from the medical records system Trofast. All records with any other diagnosis code referring to trauma such as rectal tear or ruptured uterus, recent abdominal surgery, external trauma or rupture in the gastrointestinal tract were excluded. To be included in the study, the peritoneal fluid should contain more than 20.000 cells/?L, have a peritoneal protein value of >30 g/L; or have a significantly changed peritoneal fluid sample (orange with increased turbidity or worse) in cases where no data on cells or protein were available. The horses were divided into two groups; one where the peritonitis was deemed to have an idiopathic aetiology (primary peritonitis) and the other group where the peritonitis had a possible aetiology such as intestinal parasites, impaction etc.

The problem of finding targeted medicine is a central problem in chemotherapy. From this point of view the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a highly promising object in the pharmaceutical approach. Proteasome plays a critical role in cellular protein degradation, cell cycle and apoptosis regulation.Proteasome inhibitors are substances blocking the actions of proteasome. Cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system than normal cells. Therefore proteasome inhibitors have the potential to be successfully used in the cancer treatment.The study aimed to test various substances to identify possible proteasome inhibitors with the IncuCyteTM FLR image system and fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay.

There is a shortage of locally produced high quality protein concentrates in Europe andSweden. Local production would decrease the dependency on imported soybean and meet thedemand for organically grown feedstuff from ecological dairy farmers. Field bean (Viciafaba), peas (Pisum sativum) and sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) are good alternatives tosoybean, but contain anti-nutritional substances (ANS) that could reduce their use as proteinconcentrates in dairy cow diets. The aim of this literature study was to review which ANSfield bean, peas and sweet lupin contain and whether they affect dairy cows negatively.Trypsin inhibitors and Chymotrypsin inhibitors (TI) were present in all three crops. TI couldbecome inactivated and degraded in the rumen, but due to the high passage speed of thedigesta, most TI left the rumen in an active state.

In this Bachelor thesis an animal bone material from Västergarn parish is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this thesis is to gain more knowledge about the Viking Age/Early Medieval Västergarn. Västergarn has a few remains from former days which have been discussed throughout the years and are still a bit of a mystery for archaeologists. The main focus is to inquire into whether Västergarn was an urban, complex society or a rural settlement. This will be done by studying the animal husbandry from the property of Snauvalds 1:2.

Hemoplus® (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Tyskland) is a guaiac-based fecal occult blood test developed for human medicine. Guaiac-based tests make use of the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin so the test is not specific for human hemoglobin and can therefore be used in veterinary medicine. Peroxidase-containing foods such as meat (hemoglobin and myoglobin) can cause false-positive results of the test. To ensure that a positive result is not caused by diet, it has been suggested that canine patients should be fed a meatless diet for a few days prior to fecal occult blood testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial dog food on guaiac-based tests. In this study fecal samples from healthy dogs were analyzed with Hemoplus®.

Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) är den vanligaste formen av demens och kännetecknas av intracellulärt neurofibrillärt trassel (NFT) bestående av proteinet tau och extracellulära plack, uppbyggda av peptiden amyloid beta (A?). En växande skara studier har börjat peka mot att AD är en hjärnspecifik typ av diabetes. Insulinresistens följt av hyperinsulinemi och hyperglykemi är kännetecken för diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2) och har visat sig vara en riskfaktor för AD. Insulin, ett hormon som kontrollerar glukoshomeostasen i perifera nervsystemet (PNS) och är viktigt för minne och inlärning, transporteras över blod-hjärnbarriären i en mättnadsbar transportmekanism och dess koncentration i centrala nervsystemet (CNS) minskar vid DMT2 och AD.

This paper deals with the late Viking age/early medieval grave field in Björned, Torsåker parish, Ångermanland County in northern Sweden. The grave field in Björned is rare because it has all the signs of being Christianized before the surroundings. This awakes questions such as if the people of Björned came from another place and brought the religion with them or if someone else did that for them. To find these answers I have analysed the stable isotope ratios [delta]13C, [delta]15N and [delta]34S in human bone collagen. Through these stable isotopes we can not only see what the people consumed but also where their food had its origin.

Beans are a global source of plant-based protein, and in some countries, they constitute a primary source of protein intake. With ongoing climate change, including rising temperatures, it is necessary to adapt beans to ensure a reliable food supply. An important mechanism that many plants have, to cope with high temperatures, is cooling through transpiration. During transpiration, stomata open and release water vapor. Water molecules use heat energy from the leaf to convert into gas, thereby cooling the leaf.

The production of cheese is in continuous development with objectives to in-crease productivity, achieve changes in shelf life and functional properties of the products. One concept in the development is to substitute milk fat with vegetable fats and oils in the manufacture of cheese. The objective of this study was to investigate effects on cheese yield and cheese quality of 4 different semi-hard analogue cheese products produced by substituting milk fat with vegetable fat, each analogue cheese with a specific mixture of vegeta-ble fat. As reference a cheese produced with anhydrous milk fat was used. The yield and recovery of fat and protein were determined by recording the weights of each cheese direct after press and after 20±2 days of storage and analysis of the composition of the cheeses after 20±2 days of storage. The cheese was fur-ther subjected for texture profile analysis in a TA-XT Plus Texture Analyser and analysed with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to examine whether the fat behaves similar in the cheese as in pure form in respect to its thermal properties. The cheese yield was not significantly different when using different fats. Differ-ent amounts of water were absorbed during the water cooling.

The main purpose of this essay is to examine if it is possible to identify farms of ?forest Finnish? people in Sweden, by means of an archaeological analysis, comparing the forest Finnish settlement with known none-forest Finnish settlements. This study is based on material excavated from the farms of Grannäs, and Råsjö, in the Swedish provinces of Jämtland and Medelpad. Both farms are dated to the 17th and 18th century. The study itself is divided into three parts, firstly a general study to get an overview of the material, secondly a study of ceramics as an attempt to discern social status and lastly a study of the animal bone material for analyzing the forest Finns? livestock and possible hunting habits.