The aim of the present study was to estimate the correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian rating scores and injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes, with special focus on long-term disability. The study also surveyed most frequently injured body regions and risk differences for specific elements of pedestrians hit by cars. Another aim was to determine whether Brake Assist systems affect the injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes and to estimate the effect in injury reduction of a high Euro NCAP ranking score combined with Brake Assist.In the current study, the Euro NCAP pedestrian scoring was compared with the real-life outcome in pedestrian crashes that occurred in Sweden 2003-2010. The real-life crash data was obtained from the data acquisition system STRADA, which combines police records and hospital admission data. The medical data consisted of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) diagnoses and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scoring.

The present study discusses the metabolism of ethanol in the human body from the ingestion of ethanol to the excretion of its break down products water and carbon dioxide. Ethanol is a small molecule, soluble in water as well as in organic solutions. It is quickly distributed to every section in the body, where it exerts a direct toxic effect on the cells. Ethanol cannot directly leave the body efficiently so it needs other metabolic pathways. The molecule is metabolized by oxidation, predominately in the liver.

Forskning har indikerat att individer med högt välbefinnande är bättre på att bemöta stress. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka vilka faktorer som skiljer individer med högt välbefinnande från dem med lågt välbefinnande, samt om deltagarna med högt välbefinnande har en bättre förmåga att hantera stress samt balansera krav och kontroll. 184 personer, varav de flesta kvinnor, har fått fylla i Ryff Psychological Well-being scale, Perceived Stress Scale och Job Content Questionnaire för att mäta välbefinnande, upplevd stressnivå och balansen mellan krav och kontroll. Två grupper skapades, en med lågt (n=20) och en med högt välbefinnande (n=20). Det framkom att gruppen med lågt välbefinnande ansåg sig ha signifikant lägre kontroll än gruppen med högt välbefinnande (p=.015).

The main purpose of this study was to inquire into personality and the state anxiety in relation to career decidedness scale among students in upper secondary school. The participants were 124 students in three grades and respectively non vocationally oriented classes. The participants were asked to grade themselves on a scale in relation to the statements regarding, state of decidedness for career choice, personality (NEO FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1985. Sweden, Gerontologic Center) and anxiety (AnTI, Wells, 1994). The results showed no significant relationship between personality and state of anxiety that could be connected to the decidedness for career choice.

The structure and performance of grocery distribution in Sweden has changed profoundly since the second world war. Increasing access and usage of the private car, in combination with an accommodating town planning has enhanced the exploitation of scale economies within distribution firms. There is, however, some ambiguity concerning the overall efficiency of the distribution system when the costs associated with travelling and purchasing performed by households are treated as an integrated part of the total distribution cost function. The purpose of this master thesis is to develop the foundation of a spatial optimisation model, which defines the most efficient distribution system. The underlying idea is that the optimal localisation and size of grocery stores is a function of economies of scale within the firms weighed against distributions costs within the households, such as transportation costs.

Bakgrund: Stroke är den tredje största dödsorsaken i Sverige och den vanligaste anledningen till funktionsnedsättning. Intresset för kroppsmedvetna behandlingsmetoder inom strokerehabilitering har ökat. Basal Kroppskännedom (BK) är en behandlingsmetod där fokus ligger på kroppsmedvetenhet, rörelsebeteende och grundläggande rörelseförmåga för att därigenom återställa kroppslig och själslig balans. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att studera beskrivna behandlingsmetoder med inriktning på kroppsmedvetenhet inom strokerehabilitering. Ett annat syfte var att i en kvalitativ studie undersöka om gruppbehandling i BK ger effekter som är möjliga att se ur ett anhörigperspektiv.Metod: För litteraturstudien gjordes sökningar i PubMed, AMED och CINAHL med sökorden stroke, physiotherapy, intervention, body awareness, tai chi, yoga, gigong, alexanderteknik, feldenkrais.

This study aimed to describe children?s experience of living with overweight or obesity, by using a literature-review. The study includes eleven articles, data is from children between ages 5-15 year. The result occurring were in the areas; Quality of life and self-esteem, Social company, Body concept and weight reduction and Psychological unhealth. BMI above what is recommended gives a negative influence on quality of live and self-esteem.

Stress är idag ett område som är allt mer omdiskuterat och anses ha inverkan på den psykiska hälsan. Många studerande på universitetsnivå upplever någon gång under utbildningen stress, och detta kan bland annat förklaras utifrån tidspress, ny stad samt ekonomi. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på huruvida stress hos studenter kan förklaras utifrån self-efficacy och fysisk aktivitet, samt om det finns någon skillnad i upplevd stress mellan manliga och kvinnliga studenter. Det var 76 av 92 tillfrågade studenter som svarade på hela enkäten (39 män och 37 kvinnor) som innehöll två standardiserade tester, General Self-Efficacy Scale respektive perceived stress scale. Resultatet visade ett signifikant samband mellan variablerna stress samt self-efficacy.

Lot?s of reasons are showing that outdoor life has a positive influence on the general publics health and studies are confirming this theory. On the other hand there are a few amount of Swedish science project?s regarding outdoor life. The aim of this study was to examine how people feel that their health influences by outdoor life.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons that motivate women to seek cosmetic breast augmentation surgery, to examine their self-concept and how they relate to their breasts.Methods: Ten female postoperative participants who have undergone an aesthetic breast augmentation surgery on private clinics were interviewed using an unstructured interview format. Self-report questionnaire was used as a complement to the interview. The purpose of this was to examine women's self-concept. Six female postoperative participants who have undergone a breast augmentation surgery on public clinic and had medically confirmed defect also completed the measures.Results: The results of the interview analysis showed that some participants experienced positive physical and psychological outcomes of surgery and some did not. Several main themes were identified relating to the initial reasons for performing surgery.

Syftet med studien var att ta reda på om det går att predicera medarbetares livstillfredsställelse, psykosociala välmående och upplevd relation till närmaste chef utifrån chefers emotionsperception och emotionsreglering. Detta gjordes genom att 38 chefer utförde ett datorbaserat emotionsperceptionstest samt besvarade Emotional Regulation Questionaire. Deras närmaste medarbetare bestående av totalt 213 stycken fick sedan besvara en enkät bestående av delar från Satisfaction With Life Scale, SF-1 och QPS Nordic. Studiens huvudresultat visade att generaliserat kan resultatet från emotionsperceptionstestet och det självrapporterade användandet av omvärdering av känslor hos chefer förklarar 28 % av skattningarna på Satisfaction With Life Scale hos medarbetarna. Resultaten diskuteras i termer av att chefer skapar en positiv atmosfär på arbetsplatsen, identifierar sociala problem och löser konflikter effektivare när de är skickliga på emotionsperception och omvärderar sina känslor..

In this essay, I want to achieve an accessible and applicable entrance to Alexander Technique as a method for learning to use the body in such a way as to allow emotional expression in music. It is necessary to see the real need of Alexander Technique for the active musician, and therefore important components of music-making will be presented. These components are presented from an Alexander-perspective in order to produce a clear picture of the method of application.The prerequisite for emotional expression in music is musicians and music listeners with the ability to generate, and respond after emotional impressions. Alexander Technique provides an approach to make it easier for musicians, especially guitarists, to express emotions in a performance situation.After years of practice and obtaining musical knowledge and practical skills at the instrument, it is common that muscle tension and ingrained patterns contribute to limited expression. Muscle tensions arising from pressured situations such as auditions, competitions and concerts.

We have made a litterature study about pain in animals. In this studie we have brought up areas like sign of pains in animals, pain relief and the care perspective. Pain is perceived when body tissue is damaged or nearly damaged by stimuli. Nociceptors, which are receptors placed at nerve endings, responds to a provocation of pain and transmit an impulse along the nerve to the brain via the spinal cord. Pain is urgent or chronic, and can be divided into nociceptive pain (somatic pain and visceral pain) and neuropathic pain. Different pain mechanisms can arise, such as referred pain, which is when signals of pain are referred to other parts of the body.

Syftet med undersökningen var att studera huruvida psykologiska faktorer påverkar skaderisken för elitfotbollsspelande damer. Detta inkluderade också att undersöka sambandet mellan dagliga stressorer och uppkomsten av idrottsskador. Totalt deltog 42 kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i åldrarna 16-25 år. Via en prospektiv design inkluderades en förmätning med hjälp av enkäterna LESCA, SSP, Fotball Worry Scale samt Brief COPE. I tretton veckor fyllde sedan deltagarna i enkäten Daily Hassle Scale.

Bakgrund: Prostatacancer är den vanligaste formen av cancer bland män i Sverige. Att få en cancerdiagnos innebär stress för både patienten och dess partner.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka grad av stressreaktioner i form av undvikande beteende och pa?trängande tankar hos patienter med prostatacancer och deras partner. Ytterligare ett syfte var att kvalitetssäkra mätinstrumentets formulering och svarsalternativ.Metod: Arbetet var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av enkät ?Impact of Event Scale? (IES) samt en enkät utformad enligt ?The Question and Answer Model? (QAM) för att kvalitetssäkra IES.