En kvantitativ studie med syftet att undersöka chefers arbetsmotivation i en större svensk koncern med runt 1000 anställda har genomförts. Vi har använt Self- determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008a) samt Tremblay, Blanchard, Taylor, Pelletier och Villeneuves (2009) WEIMS-test (The work extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scale) som teoretiskt underlag i studien. Vi fokuserade på att jämföra skillnader i arbetsmotivation utifrån ålder och chefsposition samt att koppla arbetsmotivation till produktivitet. Totalt deltog 102 chefer, 27 av dem var arbetsledare, 54 var mellanchefer och 21 var högre chefer. Resultatet visade att cheferna i större utsträckning motiverades av inre motivationshöjande faktorer än av yttre motivationshöjande faktorer.

Background: Practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) combined with resistance training has been proven to facilitate muscle strength despite training at low intensity. However, research investigating the effects of long-term pBFR-training and its periodization with strength training (ST) at a higher intensity is lacking, as well as the effects of occlusion training on blood lactate levels (BLL) over time.Purpose: To compare the effects of 2 weeks of pBFR training followed by 2 weeks of ST (BFR-ST) with 2 weeks of ST followed by 2 weeks of pBFR training (ST-BFR) on anaerobic performace and BLL.Method: 5 adults (age 23 ± 2 years) with a minimum of 1 year of ST experience were recruited and randomized into BFR-ST (n=2) or ST-BFR (n=3). Anaerobic performance was measured using a 30-s Wingate-test and BLL samples were collected <1 and 5 minutes post-Wingate. Data and samples were collected before the intervention and after the 2 protocols.Results: No differences were seen between groups in anaerobic output or BLL after 4 weeks of training (p>0,1 for all values). A decrease in time to peak power (tPP) were seen in both groups with an advantage for BFR-ST (-37 ± 8 %) over ST-BFR (-27 ± 22 %).

The European Brown bear (Ursus arctos) has gone from basically being extinct in Sweden to, 2008 being estimated to a total of 3298 individuals. When looking at the new Swedish moose management system it is important to have an ecosystem-based approach and therefore include all the parts that moose impacts on and from in the management, especially the brown bear. Primarily in the spring and early summer the brown bear is a significant predator on moose calfs which must be taken into account in moose management. When the bear recolonize areas that it has previously been eradicated from, it will once again come in contact with people who are not accustomed to the bear's role in the ecosystem. We studied three groups of moose management areas with different predation by bears.

Detta arbete undersöker vilken grad av fysisk sexualisering utav kvinnliga spelkaraktärer som föredras av kvinnliga-respektive manliga spelare samt vilka attribut som främst anses bidra till sexualisering/objektifiering.Arbetet tar avstamp från Laura Mulveys teori kring ?den manliga blicken? för att få en förståelse för hur ?casual?-spelare tänker när de omedvetet eller medvetet använder sig av normativa skönhetsideal och stereotyper vid skapandet av kvinnliga spelkaraktärer.51 deltagare utförde den kvantitativa webbenkäten med tillhörande ?dress up?-spel och 4 informanter deltog i kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuernas syfte var att användas som komplimenterade svar till den kvantitativa webbenkäten.Resultatet uppvisade skillnader mellan män och kvinnors preferenser av sexualiseringsgrad samt att det attribut som ansågs ha en störst sexualiserande/objektifierande effekt var skoalternativen.I framtida arbete vore en korrigering utav artefakten nödvändig, mer data skulle behöva insamlas för ett generaliserbart resultat samt kompletteras med en manlig version utav ?dress up?-spelet för en utförlig jämförelse mellan könen..

Blood samples from 44 clinically healthy cats were analysed for the presence of antibodies to Chlamydophila felis. As we wanted to investigate if the antibody titre of clinically healthy cats correlates to shedding of chlamydia, conjunctival and vaginal or preputial swabs respectively, were taken and analysed with rtPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) for the presence of chlamydia DNA. Furthermore, to investigate possible epidemiological factors connected with asymptomatic cats infected with chlamydia and to see if there were any indications that chlamydiosis can cause reproductive problems, the owners of the cats were asked questions regarding this. Sixty-one per cent (27 of 44) of the cats were seropositive. Three of these (11 %) had the highest antibody titre (1:1600).

Att sluta eller inte sluta? En litteraturstudie om tobaksavvänjningsmetoder Bjellman, K. Tobaksbruket har en lång historia, och de tobaksrelaterade sjukdomarna kostar samhället miljarder i sjukvårdskostnader och produktionsbortfall varje år. Andelen rökare minskar stadigt i Sverige, idag röker ca 15 procent av befolkningen. Resultaten från olika metoder för tobaksavvänjning är tämligen blygsamma, och ugefär nittio procent av de som slutar röka gör det på egen hand.

Test bench for air bearingsThis thesis work consisted of bringing forward and defining the test parameters relevant for a test bench and constructing a test bench that can test and verify the largest existing air bearings that are of use in Micronic Laser Systems AB machines. Because the knowledge about air bearings is limited it is thought that with the help of the test bench the knowledge would increase and in that way improve the air bearings.After learning more about air bearings and their purpose at Micronic Laser Systems AB, I started the concept phase for the test bench. For each part in the test bench I consulted my two tutors, Torbjörn Hedevärn and Johan Bergqvist, at Micronic Laser Systems AB. The final concepts where documented as 3D-modells in Solidworks and some of them have been tested in Solidworks FEM-program.The test bench is designed so that, with the help of a pneumatic cylinder, 25 kilo weights are placed on the air bearing to test its stiffness, damping and the pressure performance under its surface area. To test these parameters the test bench has to have a pressure meter, accelerometer and a microcator.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically important Staphylococcus species and is associated with high mortality in patients with positive blood cultures. S. aureus bacteria may cause a variety of disease manifestations ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and sepsis. This microorganism belonging to the gram positive cocci may also be part of the normal flora. In Sweden, penicillinase-stable penicillins are the primary alternatives to treat S.

A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line) is a catheter that is inserted through a peripheral vein in the arm and then on to a central vein in the chest. It is used to give injections and infusions and to take blood samples of patients who need treatment for longer periods.The aim of this study was to investigate nurses' perceived knowledge of the care and use of PICC line in wards where PICC line does not occur daily. The aim was also to investigate if the nurses expressed a need and wished for more knowledge to be able to use PICC line, and if PICC line is not used investigate the cause of that.The study was of a descriptive design with quantitative approach. An online survey was answered by 40 nurses from five wards at a university hospital in central Sweden.A large number of the nurses who responded to the survey reported that they lacked knowledge of the care and use of PICC line. Despite this, three-quarters of the nurses usually use PICC line at the infusion / injection / blood tests on patients with PICC line, if they are cared for in their ward.

SAMMANFATTNINGNatriuretiska peptider är en är en grupp proteiner som via natriuretiska, diuretiska och vasodilaterande egenskaper reglerar vätskehomeostasen i kroppen (Levin et al, 1998). De frisätts bland annat när hjärtmuskelcellerna utsätts för stress och kan fungera som biomarkör för att utvärdera hjärtsjukdom. Analysering av typ B natriuretic peptide (BNP) i blod kan komma att vara till hjälp för den praktiserande veterinären vid diagnostisering av hjärtsvikt och även vid uppskattning av grad av hjärtsjukdom. Det har även visat sig att BNP kan användas för att uppskatta prognosen hos hundar med kronisk klaffdegeneration (Chetboul et al, 2009; Moonarmart et al, 2010).Kronisk klaffdegeneration är den vanligaste hjärtsjukdomarna hos hund och drabbar fram för allt små till medelstora hundar från medelåldern och uppåt (Kogure, 1980). Atrioventrikulärklaffarna, vanligtvis mitralis, blir nodulärt förtjockade med inlagring av glukosaminoglykaner och fibrosvävnad vilket leder till klaffinsufficiens.

This report analyzes and examines a hypothesis for finding a method to optimize thelength of the delubrication process time based on a total charge weight. The work hasfocused on the holding time for delubrication and the total charge weight.An important step in the manufacturing chain of cutting tools is when the greenbodies undergo the sintering process. Today, the delubrication step has the sameprocess time independent of the total charge weight. An implementation of a methodto adjust the delubrication process time would give more consistent quality of thecutting tool´s internal characteristics but also reduce the time course of the sinteringprocess. In the present project two methods for this goal were tested, thedevelopment of an algorithm and a weight interval subdivision with associateddelubrication process times.During delubrication a pressure increase is observed due to the decomposition of thePEG in the powder mixture.

Background: Prediabetes is caused by relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in the body tissue which leads to abnormal blood glucose levels. Prediabetes can over time lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. To prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and its complications, it is important to identify early elevated blood glucose levels and thereby prediabetes.Objective: To describe nurses' knowledge and experience regarding the management of patients with prediabetes.Methods: Qualitative descriptive design with individual interviews. Three nurses, three community health nurses and three diabetes nurses were interviewed.Results: The result can be understood from the nurses' experiences of encountering patients with prediabetes. An overarching theme in the analysis was that the nurses are working or aspiring to work preventively.

Ohälsan ökar i västvärlden som en följd av bland annat försämrade kostvanor och alltför lite fysisk aktivitet. För att öka aktivitetsgraden hos den vuxna befolkningen i Sverige erbjuds många via arbets¬givaren möjlighet till friskvård på betald arbetstid. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika aspekter av motivation och inställ¬ning till motion hos individer som nyttjar respektive inte utnyttjar friskvårdsförmånen. Data samlades in genom semistruktu¬rerade intervjuer med tio personer vilka sedan analyserades enligt teoristyrd tematisk analys. Deltagarna besvarade även ett standardiserat mät¬instrument (Sport Motivation Scale).

The main aim of the study was to examine the importance of organizational climate for affective job-related wellbeing. A further aim was to investigate potential differences in employee level in the experience of organizational climate and wellbeing. Another purpose was to see if there was agreement in the view of the organizational climate among the employees. Questionnaires were collected from 44 employees at a chain store. Results showed that Integration, Involvement, Supervisory Support, Training, Welfare, Innovation and Flexibility, Goal Clarity, Efficiency, Effort, Performance Feedback, Pressure to Produce and Quality had a great influence on Enthusiasm but only Pressure to Produce and Welfare correlated with Anxiety.

I denna explorativa studie identifieras och beskrivs tillvägagångssätt som ledare kan använda för att främja medarbetares upplevda självständighet, kompetens och samhörighet. Bakgrunden till studien är att sådan behovstillfredsställelse leder till uthållig motivation enligt Self-Determination Theory(SDT). Inom SDT, som är en erkänd motivationsteori som också bevisats som arbetsmotivationsteori, anses ledare spela en stor roll för arbetsmotivation. Som arbetsmotivationsteori har SDT främst undersökts kvantitativt och experimentellt och kompletterande fältstudier som identifierar hur ledare kan gå till väga för att skapa upplevd självständighet, kompetens och samhörighet har vidare efterfrågats. Denna explorativa studie antar en kvalitativ ansats och undersöker, genom två delstudier, olika tillvägagångssätt som ledarna på ett konstruktionsföretag kan använda för att främja medarbetarnas upplevda självständighet, kompetens och samhörighet.