The purpose with this study was to investigate how the behaviour and physiological parameters differ between high ranked and low ranked cows, and between cows in an automatic milking system verses conventional milking parlour. The study was carried out at the Kungsängen research Centre, Department of animal nutrition an management, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala. Twelve cows, the six highest and the six lowest in social rank were selected from the automatic milking system for the experiment. Ten cows, the five highest and five lowest in social rank were selected from the conventional system. Blood samples were taken during milking and resting.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically important Staphylococcus species and is associated with high mortality in patients with positive blood cultures. S. aureus bacteria may cause a variety of disease manifestations ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and sepsis. This microorganism belonging to the gram positive cocci may also be part of the normal flora. In Sweden, penicillinase-stable penicillins are the primary alternatives to treat S.

The calcium homeostasis in the body is normally strict regulated to be kept within very narrow limits. This regulation is due to the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which is synthesized in the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. In different diseases, the calcium homeostasis is disturbed and this could either be due to a dysfunction of the parathyroid gland itself, or it could have a completely different explanation. To investigate disturbed calciumhomeostasis, ionized calcium and PTH can be analyzed from a blood sample. There are a lot of different assays to measure PTH in humans.

?Tollarsjuka? is a disease with a suspected immunopathological background seen in Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers. Pyrexia, lameness, stiffness and joint- or musclepain are typical clinical signs. The purpose of this study is to describe case histories from dogs with a possible evidence of ?tollarsjuka?. 18 private dogs were included in this report. Generalised stiffness, lameness and fatigue were the most frequent manifestations of the disease.

Establishing a reference interval for plasma fibrinogen in foals Fibrinogen concentrations were analysed in EDTA preserved blood plasma samples from 34 thoroughbred foals born in 2001 and 2002 at one stud farm. The foals were between 0 and 240 days old at the time of the sampling, and there were 19 fillies and 12 stallions in the group. The foals were examined for clinical symptoms of disease and their body temperature was measured before blood was sampled from the jugular vein. From totally 156 blood samples, 31 were selected as originating from clinically healthy foals, and used to determine a reference range for thoroughbred foals. Samples originating from foals showing clinical symptoms of disease or an abnormal body temperature at the time of sampling, were classified as coming from unhealthy animals.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically important Staphylococcus species and is associated with high mortality in patients with positive blood cultures. S. aureus bacteria may cause a variety of disease manifestations ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and sepsis. This microorganism belonging to the gram positive cocci may also be part of the normal flora. In Sweden, penicillinase-stable penicillins are the primary alternatives to treat S.

Under de senaste 30 åren har större uppmärksamhet riktats mot hjälporganisationer och deras verksamhet. Detta har lett till att västvärlden successivt börjat donera mer pengar till de bidragsberoende hjälporganisationerna. Samtidigt som donationerna ökat har konkurrensen mellan hjälporganisationerna vuxit. För att öka sina chanser i konkurrensen om överlevnad måste man därför differentiera sig från sina konkurrenter. Ett sätt att sticka ut i mediebruset är att erbjuda donation via designade produkter till försäljning.Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en fallstudie analysera och utvärdera vad hjälporganisationer bör ha i åtanke då de via försäljning av designade produkter vill väcka intresse för verksamheten och på sikt bygga fler relationer med bidragsgivare.Uppsatsen har även ett delsyfte som är att genom en enkätundersökning utröna om det finns ett intresse hos människor till donation via designade produkter.Med hänsyn till företagsekonomiska teorier har vi kommit fram till viktiga faktorer som hjälporganisationerna bör tänka på i sin kontakt med bidragsgivarna.

Today, some kind of laboratory results is required for around 70% of the diagnostics and follow-ups for diseases. In many of the cases the time from sampling to a result is very critical. Therefore the discussion of how to improve this situation has begun. For many analyses serum has been the routine choice for a long time but now it is disputed. After blood collection in a serum tube it is essential to wait 30-60 minutes before centrifugation and analysis of the sample, a long time for someone in an acute state.

The aim of these two studies was to investigate the possible physiological, behavioural and emotional changes that appear after human-horse interactions and also to find an explanation to why they occur. One aspect that is discussed is whether the wellbeing of humans can be coupled to interacting with horses and of how the animals respond to the interaction. The first study was performed on 9 horses and their owners, both parts being subjects to registrations during 4 different interaction treatments. The second study was performed on 6 horses with registrations only being performed on the horses during 2 different treatments. Nine horses underwent 3 different treatments all performed by their owners (H = stroking of the horses forehead, B = brushing and M = stimulation of the withers) in addition to a control round (K). Each treatment lasted for 4 minutes but observations were performed until after 45 minutes from start.

The aim of this review was to examine scientific literature to determine what kind of physiological and psychological benefits derive from human-dog interaction, as well as attempt to uncover a possible mechanism behind these benefits and whether or not they are mutually beneficial. A growing body of research indicates there are physiological and psychological benefits associated with human-dog interaction. Significant cardiovascular benefits have been linked with human-dog interaction, as have lowered blood pressure, cortisol and heart rate. Interaction with dogs is often associated with a feeling of social support and well-being, and dogs also seem to facilitate social interaction between people. Dogs? ability to buffer and reduce stress is also well documented. A strong indication was found regarding a relationship between physical contact and benefits associated with human-dog interaction.

Post-anaesthetic myopathy (PAM) is a serious occasional complication of general anaesthesia in horses. It causes not only pain and suffering to the horse, but also suffering (trauma) to the owner with increased veterinary costs. In the worst case PAM can be fatal. The anaesthetic nurse must know which parameters have to be taken into consideration in the prevention of PAM, to be able to prevent it, and use that knowledge for the animals safety. The aim of this literature review was to investigate and make a presentation of the factors and measurements associated with PAM, with focus on how to monitor these measurements to prevent it from happening, and the advice a Veterinary nurse can give to the horse owner regarding this condition. According to literature there a few factors that greatly increase the risk of PAM, these include- hypotension, periods less than 60 mmHg significantly increases the risk.

Under de senaste 30 åren har större uppmärksamhet riktats mot hjälporganisationer och deras verksamhet. Detta har lett till att västvärlden successivt börjat donera mer pengar till de bidragsberoende hjälporganisationerna. Samtidigt som donationerna ökat har konkurrensen mellan hjälporganisationerna vuxit. För att öka sina chanser i konkurrensen om överlevnad måste man därför differentiera sig från sina konkurrenter. Ett sätt att sticka ut i mediebruset är att erbjuda donation via designade produkter till försäljning.Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en fallstudie analysera och utvärdera vad hjälporganisationer bör ha i åtanke då de via försäljning av designade produkter vill väcka intresse för verksamheten och på sikt bygga fler relationer med bidragsgivare.Uppsatsen har även ett delsyfte som är att genom en enkätundersökning utröna om det finns ett intresse hos människor till donation via designade produkter.Med hänsyn till företagsekonomiska teorier har vi kommit fram till viktiga faktorer som hjälporganisationerna bör tänka på i sin kontakt med bidragsgivarna.

Background: Practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) combined with resistance training has been proven to facilitate muscle strength despite training at low intensity. However, research investigating the effects of long-term pBFR-training and its periodization with strength training (ST) at a higher intensity is lacking, as well as the effects of occlusion training on blood lactate levels (BLL) over time.Purpose: To compare the effects of 2 weeks of pBFR training followed by 2 weeks of ST (BFR-ST) with 2 weeks of ST followed by 2 weeks of pBFR training (ST-BFR) on anaerobic performace and BLL.Method: 5 adults (age 23 ± 2 years) with a minimum of 1 year of ST experience were recruited and randomized into BFR-ST (n=2) or ST-BFR (n=3). Anaerobic performance was measured using a 30-s Wingate-test and BLL samples were collected <1 and 5 minutes post-Wingate. Data and samples were collected before the intervention and after the 2 protocols.Results: No differences were seen between groups in anaerobic output or BLL after 4 weeks of training (p>0,1 for all values). A decrease in time to peak power (tPP) were seen in both groups with an advantage for BFR-ST (-37 ± 8 %) over ST-BFR (-27 ± 22 %).

Blood samples from 44 clinically healthy cats were analysed for the presence of antibodies to Chlamydophila felis. As we wanted to investigate if the antibody titre of clinically healthy cats correlates to shedding of chlamydia, conjunctival and vaginal or preputial swabs respectively, were taken and analysed with rtPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) for the presence of chlamydia DNA. Furthermore, to investigate possible epidemiological factors connected with asymptomatic cats infected with chlamydia and to see if there were any indications that chlamydiosis can cause reproductive problems, the owners of the cats were asked questions regarding this. Sixty-one per cent (27 of 44) of the cats were seropositive. Three of these (11 %) had the highest antibody titre (1:1600).

Under de senaste 30 åren har större uppmärksamhet riktats mot hjälporganisationer och deras verksamhet. Detta har lett till att västvärlden successivt börjat donera mer pengar till de bidragsberoende hjälporganisationerna. Samtidigt som donationerna ökat har konkurrensen mellan hjälporganisationerna vuxit. För att öka sina chanser i konkurrensen om överlevnad måste man därför differentiera sig från sina konkurrenter. Ett sätt att sticka ut i mediebruset är att erbjuda donation via designade produkter till försäljning.Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom en fallstudie analysera och utvärdera vad hjälporganisationer bör ha i åtanke då de via försäljning av designade produkter vill väcka intresse för verksamheten och på sikt bygga fler relationer med bidragsgivare.Uppsatsen har även ett delsyfte som är att genom en enkätundersökning utröna om det finns ett intresse hos människor till donation via designade produkter.Med hänsyn till företagsekonomiska teorier har vi kommit fram till viktiga faktorer som hjälporganisationerna bör tänka på i sin kontakt med bidragsgivarna.