Hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney failure (CKD) are common diseases in older cats. It can be difficult to evaluate kidney function in cats suffering from both conditions simultaneously. In the daily clinic serum creatinine is the analysis of choice when evaluating kidney function and secondary glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This marker does not, however, detect kidney damage until about 75 % of the function is lost. There are several other techniques available when investigating GFR but none are readily available for the small clinic.

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.

När man säljer hela eller delar av sitt aktieinnehav, kan detta ha flera orsaker. Man kan t ex ha behov av likvida medel, man kan anse att kursen är fördelaktig för att sälja eller köpa eller man kan sälja aktier av skatteskäl.Privatpersoner kan numera göra aktieaffärer själva, utan att en aktiemäklare medverkar, men man måste vara medveten om att det alltid är ett risktagande vid placering av medel i aktier.Kunskap om aktier och dess risker är ett mycket viktigt redskap för handel med aktier och att förstå riskerna med att spara i aktier är alltså väldigt viktigt. Att eliminera riskerna med aktiehandel helt, däremot, går inte.Olika metoder finns för att kunna förutsäga risktagandet av ett visst företags aktier och här kan det vara av intresse att se om informationen man kan få om enskilda aktier kan tolkas, för att på så sätt minimera de risker som uppkommer genom aktieköp. Man kan därför fråga sig:Är t ex riskmåttet betavärdet för en aktieportfölj ett tillförlitligt riskmått sett till förväntat utfall jämfört med verkligt, eller ska man kanske titta på något alternativt riskmått för en mer rättvisande bild av risken?Analys av material i denna undersökning, grundas på information som starkt hör samman med riskmåttet beta.

DV01 is a bicycle concept aimed towards a contemporary target group, that considers the bicycle to be both a convenient means of transportation and a product with a high aesthetical value. A bicycle is for many people something that you attach to your own personal style, were not only the bicycles function but also its appearance plays a crucial role. It is also a product that consists of many different components and parts, which all affect the overall impression. The focus of the project has therefore been about finding a balance in the design. When form and function interact in a successful symbiosis, the result is often that the product may last longer and are more loved by its users..

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.

AbstractTitle:The Impact of Management Control Systems on the Purchaser Function - A study of Scania and Sandvik Authors: Mohammad Reza Akhbari and Johanna Sullivan Svensson Published: 2011 Keywords: Management control, purchasing function, impact, control, control instruments, Key Performance Indicators, measurement, communication and organizational structure. Background and problem formulation: In order for a company?s business idea or vision to be fulfilled, the management of a company needs assistance from various means to intentionally affect the operation in the desired direction. Management control concerns activities of both financial and non-financial character in order to implement the strategy of a company and to reach profitability. Since the purchaser function is responsible of spending 50 percent of a company?s total revenue, the function has an optimal starting point to be a key actor in the shaping and execution of a company?s strategic plan.

Bakgrund: Det är viktigt att främja barns fysiska aktivitet, eftersom det leder till många positiva hälsoeffekter. Tyvärr är många små barn idag inaktiva och når aldrig den rekommenderade gränsen på 60 minuters fysisk aktivitet per dag.  Syfte: Att beskriva hur fysisk aktivitet kan främjas bland barn, i åldrarna 2-8 år. Metod: Studien som utfördes var en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades. Resultaten sammanfattades genom att söka meningsbärande enheter och därefter skapades teman av dessa.

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.

THE THIN RED LINE ? Identity in theory and method With this essay I want to explore some possibilities with the term identity within archaeology. Identity is a term best understood in the light of different scientific approaches. For instance the anthropological and historical angel combined with the quality of archaeology, as is the case in this essay. By combining these approaches, I create a (clarification) method of exploring traces of identity.By analysing two different graves from Scania, having a negligible number of artefacts from the Viking Age, and three graves from Bornholm, known for its large number of finds from this period, I test the ability of my method.

Bakgrund: Idag finns det en stor marknad som enbart fokuserar sig på kostillskott, vars uppgift är att få styrketränande människor att prestera maximalt. Många sätter idag sin tro på de preparat som säljs i kostillskottsbutiker, detta medför att försäljningen av kosttillskott under de senaste åren har ökat explosionsartat runt om i världen, inte minst i Sverige.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka friska, fysiskt aktiva mäns styrka, muskulära uthållighet och deras mentala tillstånd vid konsumtion av prestationshöjande preparat (PWO) med ingredienserna koffein, beta-alanin, kreatin, och L-arginin.Metod: Denna studie använde en randomiserad, dubbelblind, placebokontrollerad studiedesign där 18 fullt friska, fysiskt aktiva män deltog. Testpersonerna utförde styrketester, uthållighetstester samt tester gällande deras mentala tillstånd vid intag av PWO och placebo (PL). Testresultaten analyserades sedan i SPSS.  Resultat: Bänkpressen samt uthållighetstestet påvisade ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0,362), (p=0,195). Styrketestet i knäböj visade däremot en signifikant skillnad mellan PWO och PL (Placebo) där deltagarana presterade bättre efter PWO (p=0,007).

The National Property Board (SFV) has been appointed by the Swedish government to administer all property of cultural value owned by the Swedes collectively. The commission includes maintaining the soul and character of each individual building, to adapt these buildings to present needs and requirements, and furthermore making them available to the public. The return on equity demanded by the government is based on the CAPM used within the real estate industry. The theoretical assumption that organizations are either function-driven or pay-driven will serve as a starting point, after which SFV will be defined as a function-driven organization with a pay-formed management control system. This paper aims to examine how applying a pay-formed management control system will affect a function-driven organization.

Bakgrund: Aktieindex används världen över som placeringsalternativ, jämförelsemått inom portföljförvaltning och som underlag för portföljoptimering. Forskare har under senare tid ifrågasatt index viktade efter börsvärdet och alternativa viktningsmetoder för index har framtagits som substitut till det kapitalviktade indexet och prestationsjämförelser har gjorts. Studier har främst gjorts i USA och denna studie ämnar göra en liknande undersökning på den svenska marknaden. Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka alternativa viktningsmetoder på det svenska aktieindexet OMXS30 och dess historiska prestation under åren 1995-2011 i förhållande till det traditionellt kapitalviktade OMXS30. Syftet är vidare att analysera de alternativt viktade indexen som grund för portföljoptimering enligt Single-Index Model. Genomförande: Fem alternativt viktade index konstrueras i studien där viktningen grundas på fundamentala värden, Sharpekvoter, standardavvikelse, likaviktning och handelsvolym och jämförs prestationsmässigt mot OMXS30. Indexen används sedan vid portföljoptimering enligt SIM där aktiers och portföljers karakteristika analyseras.

Författarna finner genom använd metod stöd för att ur ett konsumentperspektiv så kostar garantifonder än motsvarande syntetisk portfölj med motsvarande risknivå. Dessutom framkommer det att fondinformationen i många fall inte är tillfredställande. Fonderna presterar sämre jämfört med de syntetiska portföljerna..

The purpose of this study was to investigate patients self-rated ADL-function after a periprosthetic fracture, to view the demographics of the patient group and investigate any gender differences in ADL-function. Whether patients managed to return to previous housing after the fracture and reasons for this was also studied.This is a register-based retrospective and prospective cohort study with a quantitative approach. Demographic and anamnestic patient data was collected from the electronic health records. The participants were called for an interview where Katz ADL-index and EQ5D was used to describe the participants´ ADL functioning together with physical and mental functioning.The result shows that the majority of the participants rated themselves as independent in their ADL-function. No gender differences were noted in ADL-functioning.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate and increase the understanding of a present function of today´s public library, namely the function of meeting place; here called the social function or social space. Two small town libraries are included in the study, and the questions examined are:How is this function described at the two libraries and what similarities and differences are there between the two? How can one describe the relation between how the library as social space is described in research and at the libraries? The theoretical framework used in examining these questions, consists of three different discourses in culture policy (the discourse of state, market and civil society) and theories on civil society and the public library. A summary of current research makes visible eight different aspects of the public library as a social space. These aspects functions as parts of the theoretical framework as well.