AbstractIn urban societies people spend more and more time indoors, which put great demands on the indoor environment. If the ventilation is to manage the removal of unwanted substances in the indoor air, a good mixing of the air is required. The question arises that, whether the buoyancy forces will counteract a good mixing of the indoor air or not?This report aims to clear up the difficulties whether you need to consider the buoyancy forces or not, when adjusting a ventilation unit. For studying the indoor mixing of the air a two dimensional model is constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics.

Bakgrund: Flera studier beskriver vikten av att minimera dörröppningsfrekvensen på operationssalarna. Högre frekvens av dörröppningar leder till försämrad ventilation på operationssalen, vilket i sin tur kan leda till vårdrelaterade infektioner.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att på en operationsavdelning observera frekvensen av dörröppningar under pågående operation, varför och av vem de öppnades.Metod: Metoden var en kvantitativ deskriptiv observationsstudie med tvärsnittsdesign. Personalen på en operationsavdelning i Mellansverige observerades under pågående operationer. Observationerna utfördes sex vardagar i januari 2013 och valdes från operationsprogrammet.Resultat och slutsats: 22 observationstillfällen observerades, 11 från vardera konventionell respektive infektionskänslig kirurgi. Studien visade att dörröppningsfrekvensen var högre vid konventionell kirurgi jämfört med infektionskänslig.

Dagens sporthäst lever idag under människans ansvar i stallar. I stallarna förekommer luftföroreningar, den med störst påverkan på hästen är luftburna partiklar som huvudsakligen härrör från strö och stråfoder. Föroreningarna kan orsaka skada i respirationsorganen, vilket medför att hästen får en minskad prestationsförmåga och de kan leda till allvarlig sjukdom. För att bli av med föroreningarna i stallet behövs en väl fungerande ventilation, med tillräckligt flöde, som kontinuerligt kan byta ut luften i stallet. Förståelsen för problematiken med partikulära föroreningar i stalluften är dålig, bland annat för att även starkt förorenad luft kan upplevas som frisk.

Statliga byggnadsminnen är byggnader som genom dess speciella kulturhistoriska värde är extra viktiga att bevara för framtiden. Att bevara, speciellt äldre byggnader, är inte alltid helt enkelt. En av utmaningarna i detta är att hålla ett lämpligt inomhusklimat i byggnaden för att förhindra en allt för snabb nedbrytningsprocess av material. Det finns tre lämpliga metoder för styrning av inomhusklimatet; Skyddsvärme, avfuktning samt styrd ventilation. Beroende på vad den byggnad eller det rum som studeras skall användas till och hur de unika förutsättningarna ser ut just där kan olika metoder vara olika lämpliga.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use and losses of energy in an existing older building. Another purpose was also to look through various options for heating systems with renewable energy in the building. The aim was to reduce the use and losses of energy. The first step was to study the related electricity bills of the building and also perform measurements and calculations of the building envelope and ventilation. The next step was to find out the possible actions for energy saving by performing measurements and calculations.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

Background Atelectasis is a commun respiratory complication related to general anesthesia and may contribute to pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Atelectasis apear within 10 minutes after anesthetization and occur in 90% or more anesthezied patients regardless of age and gender. The aim of this study was to indentify if there are any evidence for which methods are ultimate or are most efficacious to reduce and prevent the formation of atelectasis.                                                                                                          Methods This study is a descriptive litterature study where 28 scientific studies have been indentified for review and analysis.                                                                                                               ResultsThe use of 100% oxygen during the induction of anesthesia favors the developement of atelectasis. This can be prevented by preoxygenation with oxygen content of 100% combined with a PEEP of 6-10 cmH2O. When free airway is secured, oxygenation with 100% was found to be unnecessary.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

Inneklimatet pa? Skoklosters slott a?r pa? vissa ha?ll problematiskt. Mögelangrepp förekommer i somliga rum, främst sådana som a?r bela?gna i norrla?ge och da?rmed lite kallare a?n o?vriga rum. Fo?r att finna en lo?sning pa? mo?gelproblemen inleddes va?ren 2013 ett trea?rigt experiment vars syfte var att utro?na om mo?gelproblemen skulle kunna undvikas med aktiv klimatstyrning, vilket inte funnits innan experimentet.

Passive houses are a relatively new concept in Sweden and by that it is meant a house without a traditional heating system. The most acknowledged passive house project is the terrace houses in Lindås, Gothenburg, which we have used as a reference. This project concerns a square apartment block. So far, no square apartment block has been built as a passive house in Sweden.The common opinion in the construction industry is that it is not economical to build extremely energy efficient houses. With Peab as commissioner our task was to investigate if that is true, if regarding the construction of a multi storey house as a passive houseMidroc, now owned by Peab, constructed in the block of Preussen in Jönköping during 2004-2005 four houses, with 132 apartments distributed on seven floors.

Every year new premises are built in Sweden, and even if they are made as energy efficient as possible, this will not reduce the energy demands, but the rate of the increase of the energy use will be reduced. One type of facility in Sweden that is a major energy user is public baths, and this makes public baths an interesting facility to study more closely. There are around 500 public baths in Sweden and about 75 % of those can be seen as older baths with large need of renovation, and they all require a high level of energy efficiency measures. To show how the energy demand increase or decrease depending on the changes chosen to be made, the simulation application IDA Indoor Climate and Energy was used. Simulations were made and compared for several cases, with two extreme cases as starting points.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

Bostadsbolaget Mitthem AB äger 11 tvåvåningshus med lägenheter på Uppsalavägen i Sundsvall. Spårfilmsmätningar har visat på radonhalter över gränsvärden i flertalet lägenheter, vilket också konstaterats bero på markradon. I dagsläget är lägenheterna utrustade med F-ventilation utan värmeåtervinning. I detta arbete utreddes möjligheten att lösa radonproblematiken genom införande av energieffektiv ventilation med värmeåtervinning. En sådan åtgärd kan påverka radonhalten genom förändring av dels luftomsättningen och dels undertrycket inomhus.

Current research shows that the number of door openings during surgery is unjustifiably high. It is the operating room nurses task to ensure a hygienic and aseptic environment throughout the surgery with the goal of minimizing the risk of healthcare associated infection. The study aims to investigate whether the operating room nurse is attentive to the number of door openings during surgery and if the operating room nurse is attentive to the reasons behind the door openings. A pilot study with nine observations was carried out on two smaller hospitals in the region of Västra Götaland. The results showed a significant underestimation of the rated door openings compared with the actual ones.

Undersökningar visar att elever har svårt att ta till sig evolutionsteorin och i stället väljer att förklara evolutionen med icke vetenskapliga argument. Till exempel väljer de att förklara fjällharens vita vinterpäls med att en vit päls gör att den syns sämre. Det här är ett exempel på att eleverna gärna förklarar evolutionen som behovsstyrd. En laboration utformades för att illustrera hur variation och urval ger evolution i en plantpopulation. Laborationen går ut på att eleverna under en tid studerar en population med plantor som utsätts för torka.