The present climate discussion has made energy efficiency an interesting topic. Saving energy does not only help the climate but also saves money for the energy consumer. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the potential of heat recovering from milk cooling. Two milk farms, one with voluntary milking system, VMS, and the other with conventional milking system was used to measure interesting temperatures and electricity consumptions. The numbers were used both to do theoretical calculations and to construct a SIMULINK model. To calculate the potential for heat at milk farms theoretical calculations were made in MATLAB using a reference farm with different combinations of heat recovery and pre cooling. The farm was assumed to keep a dwelling house with the annual heat consumption 18165 kWh.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att belysa hur kommunikationen mellan bank och kund ser ut och för att svara på detta syfte ställdes fyra forskningsfrågor upp. Dessa forskningsfrågor var: hur kommunicerar banken med kunden vid olika erbjudanden, hur vill kunden att kommunikationen med banken ska ske, hur ser kommunikationsproblemen ut mellan bank och kund och hur vill kunden att banken skall kommunicera vid ett erbjudande? För att få svar på dessa frågor undersökte vi både bankens och kundernas syn på denna kommunikation med hjälp av en fallstudie. Vår undersökning inriktade sig enbart på unga icke-akademiker..

Problem: That the stakeholder?s expectations don´t answer to what auditors can and may do have been a problem for several years. This problem was defined for the first time by Liggio at 1974. Since 1974 there have been several researches about the expectation gap for auditors.Purpose: The purpose of our study is to research what the audit effort in HQ Bank means for the expectation gap.Theory: The theories in our study discuss the audit profession, the definition of the expectation gap, how trust develops between individuals, the regulations that the authorities discuss and a review of earlier researches in this subject.Method: We have done a qualitative study in which we interviewed approved auditors at PwC and Convensia in addition we interviewed the chief lawyer at the Swedish financial supervisory authority to answer our purpose.Conclusions: The conclusion of our study is that the expectation gap exists between the auditors and the stakeholders. Another conclusion is that the incidents in HQ Bank have influenced the expectation gap in a negative direction, to reduce the expectation gap we suggest that adjustments of the regulations must be done and that the auditors themselves must inform their stakeholders what auditors can and may do..

The aim with the literature study is to inform about the risks that exists in large dairy farms(with focus on mastitis and hoof health) and to inform about the milk industry in Sweden.Personal comments from two study visits (Nötcenter Viken and Vadsbo Mjölk AB) arelinked together with the literature and forms into a discussion regarding sustainableagriculture versus the milk cow's welfare.The profitability for Sweden's milk farmers have decreased because of the decreased milkprice and current inflation. This leads to an increase in herdsize in order to make a profit.The milk cow herds in Sweden becomes fewer year by year and the herdsize increases. Theincreased herdsize can cause a decrease in the time the farmer spends per animal. This canaffect early disease detection and prolong the animals suffering.Swedish Board of Agriculture published (2008) statistics showing that today's milk cow ismedicated primarily because of two reasons; mastitis or hoof problems. Mastitis is thereason to two thirds of all treatments that are carried out.

Problem: Hur har implementeringen av det nya regelverket Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor bank? Vilken metod använder en liten respektive en stor bank vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren och är storleken på bank avgörande för val av metod? Vilka brister har Basel II och hur kan regelverket förbättras?Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och analysera hur Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor bank, dessutom påvisa om det finns skillnader i val av metod vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren. Syftet är även att belysa Basel II´s brister, samt föreslå möjliga förbättringar.Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ undersökningsmetodik för insamling av empirisk data. Undersökningen bestod av intervjuer med en liten respektive en stor bank, samt Finansinspektionen. Även böcker, rapporter och tidigare forskning har legat till grund för vår studie.Slutsats: Bankerna i den här studien anser att implementeringen av Basel II varit resurskrävande, både kostnads- och kompetensmässigt.

The purpuse with this work is to see if there is a possibility to buy a farm with a low amount of own capital. We have been doing budgets for five farms with different kind of productions. Some of the farms in this work are possible to buy with a low amount of capital but if you start without any money you will run into problems with the bank. The bank is not very pleased with fully financed projects; they would recommend an own capital of at least 10-20%. The farms with the best budgets were farms with animals..

Course:Business Administration, Master Thesis, Second Level, 30 Credits.Authors:Sara Frännlid and Helena RamstedtTutor:Jim AndersénTitle:Internet, relationships and loyalty ? Best praCtice foR the bankMarketPurpose:The study aims to explain how banks use electronic customer relationship management, eCRM, to create loyal customers. A figure will be created, which will enlighten the factors a bank should focus on when enhancing customer loyalty through the internet. Through interviews with two successful banks is it possible to study how a bank can successfully create loyal customers.Methodology:A qualitative method in terms of semi-structured interviews is used. The empirical results were then analyzed with the theory in order to contribute with a new figure.Theoreticalperspective:The theory describes how a bank can create a loyal customer over the Internet.

Milkability or ease of milking, has higher importance today for Swedish dairy cattle producers after the introduction of milking parlours and automatic milking systems. Milkability is the cow?s ability to quickly milk out and be completely milked. There are several measures of milkability available. Today the farmer measures the traits subjectively in relation to the conformation scoring of the cow 30-270 days after her first calving.

Cows are ruminants and they need fibers in their feed and sufficient eating time to function psychologically and physiologically. Many of our cows don?t get enough forage and too much concentrates, which given in the wrong way may cause health and behavior problems. Too much concentrates at once makes the pH in the rumen sink and this may cause decreased fiber utilization since the microbes in the rumen are negatively affected by this. The cow may also get serious problems such as laminitis and abomasal dislocation.

The aim of this study was to examine if the predictions of the herbage quality in the software Grazemore Decision Support System (DSS) gives a reliable ground for milk production in the north of Scandinavia. Pasture samples from one research farm (Umeå) and one organic farm (Nordingrå) was analysed on crude protein and organic matter digestibility. The results were statistically compared to the predicted values. Measured and predicted herbage mass was compared and a control if the predictions of milk production improved if the predicted input were replaced by the values from the analysis, was made. The concentration of crude protein was underestimated by the model on both farms and the relationship between actual and predicted values was poor. Mean Prediction Error (MPE) was 24% and 31% respectively.

One of the most serious and economically important defects caused by clostridia in milk products is the late blowing of semi-hard cheeses.Clostridia occur naturally in soil and can contaminate milk through crops contaminated by dung and soil followed by a less successful silage process, that give them opportunity to grow unaerobically. When anaerobic conditions occur, such as storage of semi-hard cheese, they ferment lactic acid to butyric acid and the gases CO2 and H2.At the fusion of Arla and MD Foods, a series of changes were conducted on the MPN method for lactic acid fermentation for clostridia in milk. These changes resulted in an increased accuracy due to an increased number of test tubes and the change of media from MRCM to BBB, Bryant & Burkey Broth, that was thought to be more selective for Cl. tyrobutyricum, the organism mostly found in hard cheese. When the number of dairy farmers that were given quality reduction fines increased, the new method was suspected and a validation was conducted.The validation included inoculation of different clostridia and bacillus strains into BBB substrate and enzymatic testing of positive samples with Rapid ID 32A.

Developments in milk production are heading towards fewer but larger herds where the milking process is often fully automated. Automatic milking systems were launched in the 1990?s and in the year 2010 the Automatic Milking Rotary (AMR) was introduced. As a rule there are no supervision personnel present during the milking event in systems with automatic milking. This means that there is a risk that cows can be incompletely milked in one or more udder quarters, for example if the robots fail in attaching the milking cups or if the cow kicks off the milking unit.

Titel: Kundens val av bank Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sanna Westling och Angelica Kjellin Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2012- januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar kunden i valet av bank och jämföra dessa med bankernas syn på vilka faktorer som avgör kundens val av bank. Målet är att presentera ett resultat som kan vara till nytta för bankerna i deras framtida marknadsföring. Metod: En kvantitativt inriktad enkätundersökning har via metoden snowballing spridits till respondenter. Resultat har mätts och presenterats empiriskt via staplar och diagram. Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med bankerna där resultatet har kopplats till enkätundersökningen och en diskussion förts med kopplingar till teorierna vi presenterat och bearbetat med inhämtad sekundärdata. Resultat & slutsats: Vår studie utmynnade i att de tre viktigaste faktorerna för val av bank är kunskap, kundbehandling och säkerhet. Det visade sig att bankerna var på ungefär samma linje men att det fortfarande finns några kunskapsluckor här att fylla ut. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi har bara skrapat på ytan bland alla de orsaker som kan finnas till valet av bank.

Mastit är en sjukdom som leder till stora problem i svenska mjölkkobesättningar. De flesta mastiter är subkliniska inflammationer som ofta inte upptäcks på grund av avsaknaden av synliga sjukdomssymtom, men där SCC är förhöjt och mjölkkvaliteten försämrad precis som vid klinisk mastit. Detta leder till att mjölk med förändrad sammansättning och kvalitet levereras till mejerierna som därmed har sämre förutsättningar att framställa mejeriprodukter av hög kvalitet. Även lantbrukaren drabbas ekonomiskt, dels på grund av att ett förhöjt celltal inte ger maximalt betalt för mjölken och dels på grund av en minskad mjölkmängd då all mjölk från kor med konstaterad subklinisk mastit ofta kasseras. Vid mjölkning i automatiska mjölkningssystem finns möjlighet att separera mjölken på fjärdedelsnivå redan vid mjölkning, detta sker dock inte idag.

This thesis concerns the Swedish credit card market to a younger public and specifically Nordea as a card editor. The purpose is to investigate whether a Swedish bank can, and want to build long term relationships with a young public through credit cards, and if so, how they do this.The theoretical background formulated by researchers Bendapundi and Berry consists of four key factors of relationship maintenance; trust, dependency, dedication and constraint. These key factors are also assembled in an analytical framework. The empirical findings mainly consist of interviews with three employees at Nordea. They describe a recent segmentation of the bank?s customers with the issuing of a new credit card; Mastercard Silver.