During its lifetime, a road goes through a number of different stages; pre-study,inquiry of the road, work plan, documenting stage, building stage and operatingstage. The operating stage is the one that takes the longest time and costs themost. Those have a tendency of becoming unnecessarily high because the projectengineers don?t always take the management and maintenance prerequisites intoconditions.To decrease the management and maintenance costs, the Swedish RoadAdministration SouthEast has been in need of a work procedure that makes theroaddesign engineers take the management and maintenance of the road intoconsideration. This shall be achieved by a checklist where the most commondesigns that lead to increased management- and maintenance costs are compiledand listed.Through interviews with project leaders in management, the most commonproblems have been identified, analyzed and summarized under the headlineswinter-road, vegetation, road equipment and road designs.To elucidate the problem from several points of view, interviews wereimplemented with project leaders in investment and roaddesign engineers.

Emissions of radionuclides to the atmosphere can lead to wet deposition on plants in the event of rainfall. An increased level of radioactivity in the plants may occur due to interception and retention of the radionuclides. If the content of the plants is above the threshold limit value, entire yields may have to be destroyed. In order to prevent contamination or decrease the content countermeasures can be taken. The impact of the biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and growth stage of the plant on the interception and retention is important to know in order to decide which countermeasures to use. Weather may also be an important factor. In this work the interception and retention of 134Cs and 85Sr by spring wheat, ley and spring oil-seed rape was studied.

Wavecraft AB develops medical equipment for heating of organic synthesises. The heating is done with microwaves, which improves the process in both speed and accuracy compared to the more traditional methods where heating elements are used. This report discusses the developement of an automatic lid mechanism for one of Wavecraft's product prototypes. The company assumes that the final product will be integrated by customers into fully automated systems, and the upgrade from a manually to an automatically controlled lid is therefore an important step in the product's developement process.The first stage och the project was an idea generation process. The ideas generated here were organized into five different concepts of which the best one was selected through the use of a concept matrix.

The purpose of this study is to describe the motivations of women to participate in politics and to examine whether women feel that they are held back by something in their political participation. The questions of this study are:How do women motivate their participation in different fields in politics?Are there any obstacles that are holding women back in their political participation? Interviews have been used as the method to gather the empirical data. When applying the theoretical framework on the empirical material the main conclusion is that women tend to participate more frequently in political activities that are less time consuming and more sporadic in comparison to more traditional forms of political participation. Women are also more inclined to participate in political activities on a lower level that makes up part of their everyday life, one example of this is women?s increasing participating in political consumerism. Keywords: Politiskt deltagande, kvinnor, motivation, politik, politisk jämlikhet, politiska sfärer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between store layout and how it affects us as shoppers. We formed our research questions based on literature. The study was based on observations of shoppers without their knowing they were observed. We didn?t tell shoppers since the science of shopping says that shoppers pattern of movement is something that?s subconscious and if the shoppers had known it would have affected the result of the study.

It has become more popular to work abroad and companies have become more global than they used to. A big reason for this is due to globalization and the progress done within the field of technology. Because of this aloofness that occurs, a gap between the expatriates? personal life and his or her working life develops. The cases focused on in this paper includes people who are distanced from their private lives at least a few consecutive months but are all aiming to get back when they are done with their individual errands.

This treatise analysis what functions light has in theater. It was inspired by Rosalinda Krauss essay Sculpture in the Expanded Field but builds mostly on the following three books Linda Essig Lighting and the design idea (2nd ed), Nigel H. Morgan Stage lighting for theater designers and Francis Reid The stage lighting handbook (6th ed). It discovers nine unique functions of light (performance style, dramatic style, image,illumination, 3D space, 3D form, selectivity, environment, atmosphere) and develops a graphical mapping of them based on a mapping by Reid. The functions performance style, dramatic style, image are superior the others.

SAMMANFATTNING Under en praktik sommaren 2003 hade jag i uppgift att utifrån barn och ungdomars synvinkel ge förslag på var en gång- och cykelvägstunnel skulle placeras utefter en riksväg. Riksvägen delade ett bostadsområde, med många barnfamiljer, från centrum där all service, som exempelvis skola, dagis, affärer och sportanläggningar var belägna. Jag kom då till insikt att det inte är vanligt förekommande att ungas kunskap tas tillvara i planeringen, och det var då mina tankar kring detta examensarbete började. Syftet med examensarbetet har därför varit att ta fram ett samlat kunskapsunderlag på den offentliga miljöns betydelse för ungdomar och utifrån detta genomföra en fallstudie. Fallstudien skall visa på fjortonåringars användning och upplevelse av innerstaden i Bollnäs, samt informationen därefter kan tas tillvara i planeringen.

The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding about consumer buying behaviour when purchasing books online. In order to acquire data for the study we used a questionnaire that 75 students where asked to respond. The respondents were students at the University of Technology in Luleå. Our findings suggest that the following factors are the most commonly cited reasons for deciding to complete the purchase: trust, perceived risk, price, convenience, design of the website and experience. The following factors are the most commonly cited rea-sons for deciding not to complete the purchase: trust, perceived risk, price and the design of the website.

Dennauppsatsärallmänochoffentlighandling.Författarenharupphovsrättenochuppsatsenfårintebegagnasannatänförenskiltbrukutanförfattarenstillstånd..

This degree project has been performed along with Classic Garden in Gothenburg andBallongfirman Far & Flyg in Stockholm. Together we have developed a sun- wind- andrain protection. The protection is permanently assembled and mainly intended for publicenvironments as restaurants and outdoor cafés.The design on the sun protection was already done so our task has been to develop theconstruction and to build a prototype in scale 1:4 and one in scale 1:1. The look of thesun protection is approximately as the name implies, equal an igloo. The lamellae aregoing to fold out in different steps all the way down to the ground and the both sides willbe independently of each other.The first stage in the project was to develop differently principle proposal on how thefunction will work when folding in and out the protection.

SAMMANFATTNING Under en praktik sommaren 2003 hade jag i uppgift att utifrån barn och ungdomars synvinkel ge förslag på var en gång- och cykelvägstunnel skulle placeras utefter en riksväg. Riksvägen delade ett bostadsområde, med många barnfamiljer, från centrum där all service, som exempelvis skola, dagis, affärer och sportanläggningar var belägna. Jag kom då till insikt att det inte är vanligt förekommande att ungas kunskap tas tillvara i planeringen, och det var då mina tankar kring detta examensarbete började. Syftet med examensarbetet har därför varit att ta fram ett samlat kunskapsunderlag på den offentliga miljöns betydelse för ungdomar och utifrån detta genomföra en fallstudie. Fallstudien skall visa på fjortonåringars användning och upplevelse av innerstaden i Bollnäs, samt informationen därefter kan tas tillvara i planeringen. Ungdomarna använder sig av det offentliga rummet på ett annat sätt än vi vuxna och det kan därför vara svårt att som vuxen se vad som är det bästa för ungdomarna i planeringen.

This qualitative research is a contribution to the ongoing debate among marketing researchers regarding if there is a dominant paradigm and viewpoint of marketing and which one is the most appropriate. In this study current views of marketing are identified and then compared against the older Goods-Dominant Logic of Marketing and Vargos? and Luschs? alternative Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing. The trends that have been observed are situated in the framework of Thomas S. Kuhn?s philosophy of science.

In cooperation with the Gislaved company Lerocon AB [1], a separation module wasdesigned as a further supplement to the Module System. The aim of theprojectimplementation was that the separation module could be flexible enough to feed themetal pieces, screws, nuts and other items with large variations of size, appearance andmaterial composition. The module should also be cost effective to manufacture.A separation module is a design which is ment to streamline the work in industries withautomation of the lineoperations. The module feeds the details such as screws, nuts, washersand pieces of metal in a continuous flow in which traps separate the details from each other.Traps may vary depending on the purpose and of the details that are fed. Perhaps it isimportant for the user that the detail-orientation is right after the separation module, whichmeans that all the pieces witch aren´t are fed back in return.For companies and industries in lineoperations that can be made more efficient withautomation, are production flow an important watchword.

Young stands in urban forests often lack a shrub layer, though shrubs play an important structural and biological role in forests. All layers interact with one another to form a multilayered stand, in which shrubs have a vital role.In this diploma thesis, theoretical models for forest dynamics are compared with four reference stands to detect factors, and principals for introduction of shrubs in young stands. In these stands four different ways of introduction were found. In one trees and shrubs were planted together at the same time. Shrubs spontaneous spread under a canopy of mature forest, in another.