This thesis studies path generation for industrial robots of six degrees of freedom. A path is defined by connection of simple geometrical objects like arcs and straight lines. About each point at which the objects connect, a region, henceforth called a zone, is defined in which deviation from the defined path is permitted. The zone allows the robot to follow the path at a constant speed, but the acceleration needed may vary. Some means of calculating the zone path as to make the acceleration continuous will be presented.

This thesis is divided in to two different parts. The first part includes examination of the measurementsystem of an industrial robot using a resolver sensor. The main focus is on methods for suppressing noise in the angularvelocity signal without increasing timedelay. Five different methods are investigated. Three of these are based on oversampling: burstsamplingmethod, meanvaluemethod and correlationmethod.

The task in this thesis is the steering of one of Saab Bofors Dynamics robots using Sliding Mode Control, a method they never used before. The robot constitutes a system which in addition to perturbations and uncertainties due to modeling imprecision, hold the difficulty of being highly time variant. In order to be able to keep required performance with uncertainties and modeling imprecision present, the use of robust control methods like Sliding Mode Control is necessary. SMC is based on the states of the system being forced to stay on or in the direct vicinity of a hyper plane in the state space which is chosen in a way that gives the system dynamics desired properties. Other advantages with sliding mode are reduced order dynamics on the switching surface and total insensitivity to some uncertainties and perturbations.

Material handling is a term that includes all kinds of handling of material from a raw product to a finished one. ABB is active in the following segments; foundry, packaging and palletizing, metal industry and plastics industry.The demands for efficiency and reliability have been set very high in the industrial sector. Optimizing of the material handling will give the company higher cost-effectiveness. Around the robot there are different kinds of material flows, to optimize the cycle time, consisting of carriages combined in different ways.Motion Control is a complex system with main functions such as; positioning, synchronizing, indexing and more. The products in the system need to cooperate to make these functions possible therefore integration of motor- and servo products are important.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Ovako Bar i Hällefors i syfte att kontrollera möjligheterna att automatisera en slipningsprocess på stänger med ytdefekter. Det största skälet till arbetets uppkomst är de vibrationsskador som uppstår i operatörers händer vilket i sin tur leder till sjukskrivningar.Arbetet inleddes med en nulägesanalys på Kontrollstation 7 för att kontrollera hur processen går till, hur operatörerna upplever situationen och få en större förståelse för situationen. Information om nuvarande utrustning inhämtas i syfte att kunna utvärdera möjligheter. Kontakter med potentiella leverantörer togs också, i syfte att få ytterligare bollplank.Efter nulägesanalysen inleddes förbättringsförslagsprocessen. Lösningar till problemet uppkom ur brainstorming efter kravspecifikationen.

Laser scanning is a method of surveying that has evolved rapidly in recentyears. The technique is based on a laser scanner set up, which can document a structureusing pulsed laser beams. Each time the laser hits a surface it is partly reflectedback to the scanner that stores the point. By using strategically placed targets, storedpoints from different scans can be merged into a point cloud. A point cloud is avisualization of the scanned object with a very high accuracy.

Just how far is it possible to make learning of new parts for recognition and robot picking autonomous? This thesis initially gives the prerequisites for the steps in learning and calibration that are to be automated. Among these tasks are to select a suitable part model from numerous candidates with the help of a new part segmenter, as well as computing the spatial extent of this part, facilitating robotic collision handling. Other tasks are to analyze the part model in order to highlight correct and suitable edge segments for increasing pattern matching certainty, and to choose appropriate acceptance levels for pattern matching. Furthermore, tasks deal with simplifying camera calibration by analyzing the calibration pattern, as well as compensating for differences in perspective at great depth variations, by calculating the centre of perspective of the image.

Automatic milking systems (AMS) have been in commercial use since 1992 and have since 1998 increased a lot. The objective of this study has been to examine the development of udder health on farms converting to AMS. The study also included a comparison of how udder health developed depending on how farms handled cows with mastitis. This was because farms choose to either milk cows with mastitis in a separate barn or in the milking robot. Other studies on udder health on commercial farms have shown that somatic cell count increases both among individual cows and in the bulk milk when converting to an AMS. No differences between before and after converting to AMS in the proportion of cows treated for mastitis can be found in the literature.

Examensarbetet har utförts på företaget Husqvarna AB vid avdelning Concept & Features electric products (EN-NEP). Uppdraget var att utvärdera en alternativ kollisionsmetod till deras robotgräsklippare. Metoden som utvärderats går ut på att detektera kollision med hjälp av samplad data från en accelerometer samt samplad strömnivå från de bägge drivhjulens motorer.Den metod som används för att detektera kollision på nuvarande robotar fungerar väl men kräver att robotens kaross och chassi rör sig ifrån varandra för att krock skall detekteras. För att kunna reducera antalet komponenter och priset på roboten är andra metoder intressanta att utvärdera för uppdragsgivaren.En algoritm har designats i simulationsmiljö som sedan testats på ?riktigt? genom implementation i en Raspberry Pi som kommunicerar med robotgräsklipparen.

Byggbranschen är ett verksamhetsområde som består av ett samarbete mellan flera olika discipliner. Varje byggprojekt har olika förutsättningar gällande tid, budget, resurser och kompetens. Oavsett typ, kräver byggprojekt en god samverkan mellan alla inblandade parter för ett framgångsrikt genomförande. En förutsättning för detta är att projektet har en bra samarbetsmetod mellan disciplinerna. En god utgångspunkt för att skapa en bra samarbetsmetod är genom att alla discipliner arbetar med en gemensam projektleverans som integrerar människor, system, affärsstrukturer och praxis.

Under 1990 talet tilldelades det nya stridsflygplanet JAS 39 Gripen det svenska flygvapnet. I detta högpresterande system innefattas en del vapen. Ett av de vapensystem är den inköpta amerikanska jaktroboten AIM-9 Sidewinder, eller robot 74 (Rb74) som den benämns i Sverige. I Gripensystemet bärs denna robot fäst på sida i vingens yttre kant, vilket är på liknande sätt som t.ex. de amerikansktillverkade F-18 Hornet flygplanen.

Människa-robot-interaktion är ett viktigt område inom både nutida och framtida forskning för att möjliggöra en industriell miljö anpassad för de människor som arbetar i den, samt för att utveckla nya metoder för en effektivare produktion. En viktig fråga är den påverkan form och färg har på människan, sett ur ett psykologiskt perspektiv. En litteraturstudie har gjorts kring den mänskliga upplevelsen av och påverkan från färg och form. Vidare gjordes en studie som syftade till en bedömning av studenters åsikter kring några specifika färger på industrirobotar samt former på robotgripdon.Det kunde konstateras att vitt och orange som färg på industrirobotar föredras framför användning av röda eller blå, sett ur ett perspektiv av orsakad ängslan. Resultatet stämmer överens med tidigare studier återgivna inom den litteratur som studerats; vitt ses som en lugnande färg och orange är använt i riskfyllda miljöer för att öka uppmärksamheten.

In modern industrial robots the components in the transmission contain nonlinearities. These nonlinearities need to be to estimated either for better control or to use the parameters for diagnosis of the system. There is a lot of work done within system identification and mainly within the field of iterative parameter estimation.This thesis considers recursive grey-box identification for a nonlinear model of the transmission in an industrial robot. The nonlinearities that are identified are friction, spring stiffnes, hysteresis and backlash. These nonlinearities are a part of the models that are presented in this thesis.

This thesis approaches the problem of estimating the arm angles of an industrial robot with flexibilities in joints and links. Due to cost-cutting efforts in the industrial robots industry, weaker components and more cost-effective structures have been introduced which in turn has led to problems with flexibilities, nonlinearities and friction. In order to handle these challenging dynamic problems and achieve high accuracy this study introduces state observers to estimate the tool position.The observers use measurements of the motor angles and an accelerometer and the different evaluated observers are based on an Extended Kalman Filter and a deterministic variant. They have been evaluated in experiments on an industrial robot with two degrees of freedom. The experimental verification shows that the state estimates can be highly accurate for medium frequency motions, ranging from 3-30Hz.

At a manufacturing company, due to the competition the price is reducedtowards the manufacturing cost. Therefore it is important to maintain control ofones costs and keep calculations up-to-date.This thesis deals with cost accounting at a aluminium-processing company. The report focuses on calculating machine cost per hour since the manufacturing costs are the major part of the total product cost.Managers on the company believe that the costs they use in calculations todayneither is up-to-date nor advantageous in a market aspect and due to that their calculations need to be revised. The machines cost per hour is a major part in the manufacturing calculation. The company wants to provide a competitive price that also covers their costs.