Velopharyngeal insufficiency may affect resonance, articulation and thus how speech is perceived by other listeners. Velopharyngeal insufficiency is frequently found in the cleft palate population due to structural abnormalities of the palate. The pharyngeal flap is the most commonly used operation designed to improve velopharyngeal function. The aim of the present study was to compare speech before and after pharyngeal flap surgery by perceptual evaluation regarding nasality, articulation and deviant speech. The study includes preoperative and postoperative speech samples of 28 patients who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery at the University Hospital in Linköping between 2002 and 2007.

Purpose?This study has examined the information behaviour and perception of information in a group ofinformation users who have a critical approach to the media and the information supply. Some of them call themselvesor are being called conspiracy theorists. The purpose was to examine how their information behaviour is influenced by the belief that the information is biased or inaccurate and what the information behaviour looks like when the user searches for discrepancies rather than a response to a question.Method?The study is based on transcribed interviews and email responses to interview questions.

Using the example of 55 former towns in Greater Poland, the author investigates the belief thattowns formerly deprived of town privileges are the most likely to be qualified as future formalurban entities. This paper approaches the subject of urban deprivation and restitution with amultiaspectual study of the concept of urbanity. Since a preponderance of Polish degraded townspossess a prominent urban physical structure, the study focuses mainly on urban morphology as acontributing factor to urbanity. Other approaches include the central place theory, demographicconditions and the role of urban perception. Taking into account Poland?s shifting geopoliticalhistory the study also seeks to identify and explain spatial patterns of varying degrees of urbanityamong the studied towns.

Background: During a house demonstration a real estate agent have the chance to make new contacts which is of big importance to spread the word about the agency and keep up with the competition. If the realtor makes a good impression on the customers, it increases the chance for making the customers return to the same realtor when time comes to sell their own house. The interpretation of this non-verbal communication has been shown to have a fundamental effect on the participant?s perception of the encounter. This makes the study aim regards investigating which non-verbal signals a real estate agent express.Purpose: This study has a two-parted purpose whereas the first part intends to point out similarities and differences in a realtor?s non-verbal communication.

Today, many regard the Democratic and the Republican Party in the US to be significantly different than prior with regard to changed rhetoric and changed political world. This reason alone is enough to make an interesting research question how democratic and republican presidents view ?economic freedom? based on Robert Nozick, John Rawls and Isaiah Berlins perception of economic freedom. The research question therefore relies on how present presidents view economic freedom compared to how past presidents view economic freedom with Nozick, Rawls and Berlin as emphasizers within the theory. This is performed with the use of by Marie Demker?s coined the is-should-do-scheme, being an analytical tool providing from the empirical material the first State of the Union speech by the selected president where the presidents view on reality (is), uthopia (should) and strategy (do) is presented.

Leadership is a well-known phenomenon in today?s world and researchers have developed multitudes of theories with different assumptions about what leadership is and what implications it has. Models of different kinds of leadership have been presented and researchers are constantly working on trying to find a definition of great leadership. Our thought was however that because every human being is unique it would be naïve to presume that all people hold the same perception about what constitutes good leadership. Although we believed that every person defines good leadership in his/her own way we also believed that there could be similarities to be found between illustrations generated from people with comparable organizational positions.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka om och hur undervisning är anpassad eller differentierad baserat på antagandet att elever är varierade och lär på olika sätt samt hur lärares praktik förhåller sig till samtida forskning på området. Uppsatsen undersöker vidare huruvida specifika anpassningar relaterar till ökad delaktighet hos elever.Metoden för uppsatsen är en observationsstudie med fenomenologisk ansats. Den innefattar 30 olika lärare under 30 lektioner på en gymnasieskola i Sverige, där majoriteten av eleverna har en diagnos inom neuropsykiatriska spektrumet. Materialet bearbetades kvantitativt i SPSSStudien visar att sambandet mellan olika anpassningar och dess koppling mot delaktighet är komplext och påverkas av ett antal olika faktorer och förutsättningar. Det framgår att lärare i högre grad använder sig av vissa anpassningsformer och att andra förekommer mer sällan.

This essay is a contribution to the process of reconstructing the meaning of a concept that has been long forsaken and somewhat forgotten. It examines the way in which the Swedish nobility perceived the politically active peasantry during the 1740s as an expression of the prevailing political culture of the period. The aim of this study is thus to understand a bygone world of thought that once existed in a very turbulent political culture. I focus on the words formed and articulated in the halls and rooms of the Swedish estates by which the thoughts, opinions and power of the Swedish government came to the fore. In doing so it is possible to say something about how the nobility, in their relationship with the peasantry, constructed an object which represented their perception of the Swedish peasant and what this meant.

The concept of citizenship was created in Greece about 600 BC, and has for most of the time been treated as a philosophical concept, or as a concept of political science. In spite of the fact that sociologists have taken an interest in the concept in the second half of the 20th century there is hardly any empirical research to substantiate how the common man perceives and defines the concept. Disabled people to a great extent perceive themselves as belonging to a forgotten sector of society in that they experience administrative barriers, shortcomings in the way individuals and institutions behave towards them, institutional discrimination, being socially dead, etc. ?The aim of this study has been to explore how citizenship is perceived and defined by disabled people in Great Britain and Sweden, focusing on the perception of rights and obligations, and how these rights and obligations have been made available to them by society.?The study was carried out as a qualitative study.

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur pedagoger på förskolan hjälper barn med koncentrationssvårigheter och vilken kunskap som finns hos pedagogerna. Vi undersöker även miljöns inverkan på barn med koncentrationssvårigheter. Det framgår i studien att motorisk träning av grundrörelser har en avgörande betydelse för att barn ska kunna koncentrera sig, motorik och inlärning hör ihop. Det som också lyfts fram är att det är viktigt att skapa lugn och ro samt stöd från vuxen för att ge goda förutsättningar att fokusera och koncentrera sig. Tidigare forskning har visat att extra motorisk träning i förskolan har gett positiva effekter för barns grovmotorik, finmotorik, perception och förmåga att minnas detaljer.

Elever med Asperger syndrom har till följd av sin diagnos ofta svårigheter med theory of mind, central coherens, exekutiva funktioner, perception och socialt samspel med flera. Dessa svårigheter har för eleverna, i olika stor utsträckning, negativa konsekvenser i skolan. Syftet med studien är således att belysa hur elever med Asperger syndrom upplever det pedagogiska stöd som de tagit del av i specialutformat gymnasieprogram, inom kommunal gymnasieskola. Metoden som använts är öppet riktad intervju samt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen resulterade i fyra teman:-          Elevens tankar och känslor ? om studierna och den egna personliga utvecklingen-          Bristande koncentration ? om den egna förmågan och omgivningens påverkan-          Social interaktion ? om umgänge och samarbete med andra elever i skolmiljön-          Stödets betydelse i skolvardagen ? om pedagogiken och skolpersonalenUtifrån dessa teman kan slutsatsen dras att eleverna i stor utsträckning är nöjda med sin studiemiljö och utbildning samt anser att skolan bidragit till deras personliga utveckling.

The purpose of this essay is to develop knowledge about how learning among employees is perceived to occur practically in a pre-school unit seen as a learning organization. From an employee perspective the intention was to gain an understanding of how they perceive the organization regarding employee learning in the workplace when it comes to in which contexts and what conditions that enable collaborative learning. Because learning organization is mostly a vision from a management perspective thereby it should in this case mostly be viewed as the context in which the employees work in.The essay is based on a qualitative research approach with eight semi-structured interviews. It was based on hermeneutics as method of analysis with the intention to gain an understanding of the employees' subjective perception. It is a case study on a selected pre-school unit in Stockholm.

Those who have invested in apartments, i.e. tenant-ownership, within the city centre of Stockholm have gained a higher than expected return on investment due to a buoyant real estate market. During the latest twelve-month period, the prices have risen more than 20 per cent in the city of Stockholm, resulting in an increased wealth together with a higher debt burden among investors. The aim of this thesis is to investigate which factors determine the prices from a micro perspective, and to what extent. An attempt is particularly made to estimate the degree of capitalization of the monthly fees; a factor which has turned out to be important according to other studies; but also to construct pricing models in order to set target prices for apartments.

Annedal is a brand new neighborhood in the Bromma part of Stockholm. The neighborhood construction has now reached its halfway point. When finished, 5000 people are estimated to live in Annedal. The focus for the new area is variation. Both housing co-operatives and rented apartments have been built and more are under construction.A study about the valuation of town quality in the Stockholm region was produced by the Stockholm County Council in 2011.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that vigorously increases worldwide. The disease can affect the entire everyday life which usually results in major lifestyle change. The treatment consists largely of self care which the patient itself has great responsibility for. The nurses have an important role in supporting, guiding and teaching the patients. Since every patient is unique the nurse would benefit from an increased knowledge about the patients experiences of what promotes and prevents self care in type 2 diabetes. Aim: The aim was, from a patient perspective, describe the experience of what promotes and prevents a self care in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A literature review based on nine scientific articles gathered from the databases CINAHL plus with full text, PubMed and Medline.