This study aim to explore how the conditions of an individual's childhood may affect their coping with trauma. The individuals represented in this study, for the purpose to explore coping with trauma, are individuals grown up under insufficient childhood conditions. This study is based on the assumption that childhood conditions, are a factor of influence on coping with trauma, in a greater extent than it is understood and given credit for in todays society. Our result shows that there is an obvious correlation between insufficient childhood conditions and destructive coping with trauma. There is a need of larger general awareness that an individuals resources for coping with trauma is affected by the conditions growing up.

Bakgrund: Patienter som återfinns inom den psykiatriska vårdkontexten och som lider av samtidig psykisk ohälsa och substansbrukssyndrom, eller dubbeldiagnos, riskerar att mötas av stigmatiserande förhållningssätt på grund av okunskap och förutfattade meningar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att, genom att intervjua patienter med dubbeldiagnos, belysa deras upplevelser av vårdares bemötande inom den psykiatriska vården. Metod: För att få en djupare förståelse av fenomenet bemötande användes en fenomenologisk-hermeneutisk metod efter inspiration av Lindseth och Norberg (2004). Tre forskningspersoner intervjuades om sina upplevelser av bemötande inom psykiatrisk vård. Resultat: I resultatet framträdde fyra teman; att vara i underläge; att bli medveten om sitt sammanhang; att bli väl mottagen och att bli sedd som en person.

Bakgrund: Stress påverkar både personen, patienten och organisationen. En akutmottagning präglas av ett snabbt arbetssätt och många möten med medarbetare, patienter och anhöriga. Stress kan påverka sjuksköterskan både fysikt, psykiskt och socialt. Den kognitiva förmågan försämras av stress vilket i sin tur påverkar patientsäkerheten. Långvarig eller svår stress kan leda till compassion fatigue eller post ? traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av självskadebeteende hos tonåringar, om detta skiljer sig åt mellan könen och om samband kan uppvisas med självkänsla och mindfulness.128 elever i årskurs nio från tre skolor besvarade frågeformulären Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale samt Mindful Attention Awareness Scale.Resultaten visade att 65,9 procent av deltagarna skadat sig själva vid åtminstone ett tillfälle, och 41,4 procent vid flera tillfällen. Det förekommer ingen signifikant skillnad mellan könen. Hos flickorna korrelerar självskadebeteende med låg självkänsla och låg grad av mindfulness. Pojkar som skadat sig själva många gånger uppvisar lägre grad av mindfulness än övriga pojkar. Resultaten indikerar att det troligtvis finns flera olika anledningar till att ungdomar skadar sig själva..

Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom innebär perioder av mani och depressioner vilket kan medföra svårigheter för personer som drabbats. För att kunna förstå och hjälpa dessa personer behöver sjukvårdspersonal kunskap om hur sjukdomen upplevs och hanteras. Syfte: att belysa hur personer med bipolär sjukdom upplever och hanterar sin sjukdom. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes med kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Personernas inställning till diagnosen och behandling varierade och relationen till sjukvårdspersonalen var betydelsefull.

Personal archives are a largely neglected subject in archival theory. Among the consequences of this is the absenceof any general established or formalized practices when it comes to arrangement and description. Thisstudy opposes the notion that an archival institution without formal systems of arrangement and description doesnot order and describe archives in accordance with a general conceptual framework of a correct order. Supportingitself on the anthropological theory of Mary Douglas on dirt and cleanliness, it studies the implicit notions oforder that can be found in the archival descriptions of the personal archives kept by the Swedish national archives.Several patterns where revealed by the study: among them the primacy of quantity stood out. The vaguesystem of categories based on Martin Grass description model appears only to be employed loyally where quantitiesof the particular categories are such that they constitute complete volumes, which seem to be the cardinaljustifier of categorical division within the archive.

The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to a rather new phenomena, virtual bullying amongst young people. Bullying has been known for a long time but today, bullying has found new ways of expression. New technology, which includes the Internet and cell phones, has given the bullies new weapons to use in their bullying.The study I have done has been qualitative and contained interviews. Represents from two communities, Playahead and LunarStorm, and two organisations, BRIS and Friends, all together five persons (two persons from LunarStorm) have been interviewed and had the opportunity to tell me their view on virtual bullying.The results show that young people see the new technologies as a valuable prolongation of their reality that they won?t give up if they don?t need to.

When discussing local development attention is often given to the problems involved. Factors like decreasing population and inadequate infrastructure are two examples. Local politics has, however, lately been argued to have possibilities to affect its own development and its chances to achieve growth. Some of the most important factors from this debate are to make a community attractive for people and companies, committed leadership, the local business world with entrepreneurialism and a good business climate. These factors serve as a starting point for this discussion where focus is on the possibilities to achieve growth on the local level and the politics that is used for this purpose.To illustrate the chances to affect local growth I apply the theoretical perspective of regime theory and thereby examine the governing coalitions "power to" govern and not "power over" as the earlier theoretical perspectives in the area.

The increased use of social media in recent years has attracted the attention of different kinds of nonprofit organisations. The purpose of this study is to identify a foundation for viral strategies for nonprofit organisations as well as to understand the current interactivity between the organisation and its followers in social media. Following that we have chosen the research question: In what ways can nonprofit organisations develop viral marketing in social media? The study has a qualitative research methodology with empirical findings as base. We have throughout the research process strived for an inductive nature in the study though there are deductive elements.

The purpose of this master?s thesis is to examine the use of the concept cultural heritage in Swedish governmental cultural policy. Ten official reports, reaching over a time period of seven years (1997-2004) are examined in the following way: What is cultural heritage? What functions/ values does the cultural heritage have? Whose heritage is a cultural heritage? With some simplification you can say that there are two different views on cultural heritage in the documents. The most common way to refer to cultural heritage is a category of chosen historical objects whose preservation is motivated by their function as sources of information and knowledge about the history and development of the Swedish society.

This study aims to draw attention to the discourse of Swedish language teachers and their literary repertoires from a didactic perspective. This leeds to the following inquiries: ?how to define and delineate a broader concept of text;? ?how realized is this concept in Swedish upper secondary schools;? and ?how does the use of the broader concept of text effect the ability to learn.? The empirical data comprise group interviews with six teachers who work at two different schools, in different towns, located in southern Sweden. The data are transcribed and carefully analysed by tools consistent with methodological approaches. The theoretical framework consists of discursive psychology.

Studies show that some pupils with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) can have difficulties in understanding written texts. The present study seeks to examine whether pupils with ASD differ in their reading comprehension of a factual text and a literary text. Another aim of the study is to obtain a picture of the reading habits of high school pupils with ASD, what reading strategies they use, and how they work with texts in Swedish lessons in school.The study uses texts from PISA surveys from 2009 and 2000. The factual text Varmluftsballongen (The Hot-air Balloon) was taken from the try-out for the 2009 survey and the literary text Gåvan (The Gift) was taken from the 2000 PISA survey. To gain some idea of the pupils? reading comprehension of the texts, the present study used the tasks accompanying the texts, with certain changes in the questions about the text on the hot-air balloon.

I got interested in this subject when I came in contact with Västtrafiks new paymentsystem myself during my visits in Gothenburg. I suspected problems with the informationmaterial regarding it and others seemed to share my opinion that the payment system wasdiffcult to understand. When I contacted Västtrafik and asked them about the paymentsystem they confirmed that some understanding diffculties had occurred. With thatconfirmation I decided to make it my project to look in to the matter.Some methods were used to identify the problems. The methods could again confirm thatthere were some problems with the payment system and that the information material wasa vital reason.

Växjö University, School of Social SciencesBachelor ThesisTitel: Minijob ? en tysk arbetsmarknadspolitisk åtgärdAuthor: Hanna PeterssonSupervisor: Lennart BergfeldtI?ve made a descriptional evaluation of the tax-free low-income action from Germany, Minijob. If the employees earns maximum 400 ? a month they don?t have to pay any tax. The employer pays an employer?s fee of 30 %.

The purpose of this paper is to study the ongoing discussion concerning e-books at Swedish public libraries. The e-booksituation has as of late gained a lot attention in the media. The main distributor of e-book in Sweden - Elib - is in the centreof this discussion and our goal has been to study the opinions and arguments that have been expressed within articles and blog postsconcerning the situation.We have analysed our articles and blog posts through a qualitative text analysis in order to find the main problems of the e-bookdiscussion and which arguments are used. We have also studied the effect Elib might have on the libraries' collection developmentaccording to the articles and blog posts.We found that the major issues within the e-book situation include Elib's price model - which is costly for the libraries - thewatermarking and the selection of books available to the libraries. It is also considered, according to the author's of our articles and blog posts, that the collections at the libraries are affected byElib's system since the choice of which books to include is given to the publishers, not the libraries or its users.The articles and blog posts agree that a change needs to occur for the e-books future survival at the public libraries..