The overarching aim of this paper is to study the professional encounter in its complexity. The requirements for receiving welfare is set by the professional and it's the professionals decision if they are met in the proper manner. This makes the assessment of the clients conditions and the correctness of the assessment hence important. There are several levels which is necessary for the social worker to take into consideration.We have therefore made a socio-analysis by using a theoretical model of Johansson (2006) where he uses the Social Psychology of the encounter to create a model with four levels, which is always present in the professional encounter: structural, positional, relational, and experience level.  Our base was that the one responsible for handling these levels was the professional which led us to search for literature concerning the professional approach.Our study is formed as a qualitative case-study. Our empirical data consist of qualitative interviews with four social workers handling social allowance.The results shows that the complexity of the professional encounter requires a professional approach.

AbstractThis study deals with Swedish upper secondary school teachers' approaches to an expanded text concept. Attitudes mediated through media as well as ?the new languages? that media give rise to, imply new conditions for the activities in school. As a necessary adaptation to the new conditions given by the media forces, the Swedish upper secondary school 1994 incorporated ?an expanded text concept? in the syllabus for the Swedish language.The focus of the study is how Swedish upper secondary school teachers' work to meet and challenge the students' in an expanded text concept.

The purpose of this study is to show how some Swedish teachers in the grades four to six assess the subject of English and what impact the national tests have on teachers? way of looking at assessments and grades and how teachers are supposed to work with assessment and grading according to the curriculum and the education act. The method of this study has been interviews with principals, teachers and pupils to get as many perspectives of the subject as possible. It has contributed to an interesting content and the end result will be as fundamental as it can be. The findings of this study show that teachers teaching English in Sweden have a great responsibility because of the lack of subject priority and communication between themselves, the government and other authorities in the world of education.

The purpose with our essay was to examine which clients/patients get treatment for alcohol problems from either health care units or social service units. We also wanted to find out how staff in these units considers the importance of social background in the assessment of treatment. The questions we have focused are: How do the clients/patients get in contact with the units? How does staff in these units consider the importance of social background in the assessment of treatment? How is the social background like for the present clients/patients? To fulfil the purpose with our investigation and to get answers to our questions, we performed an explorative examination and applied a qualitative method in the form of a semi-structured interview with six persons. The investigation showed that clients/patients get in contact with the units by looking for treatment by themselves or by relatives and other organisations.

Det har alltid funnits olika tolkningar och syn på olika bibliska texter. En av dessa texter som har varit grund till många olika teorier är Daniels bok. Diskussionerna kring denna bok har i huvudsak handlat om när och av vem boken är skriven och med det huruvida den är en profetisk eller en apokalyptisk text.Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur en text tagen ur bibeln kan komma att tolkas på så olika sätt av olika religiösa samfund. Studien behandlar Daniels bok och huruvida denna text från gamla testamentet är en profetisk eller en apokalyptisk text. Arbetet behandlar också hur texten tolkas ur ett religionsvetenskapligt perspektiv.

How do men who define themselves as feminists create and maintain an identity as men? In this qualitative study four men involved in feminist organizations were interviewed about their views on women, men, sex and feminism. Theories of language, psychoanalysis and ethics were utilized to further our understanding of the material these men produce in their effort to define themselves. Our object of study is the text, which we believe holds the key to understanding how an individual shapes his world and himself. The result is our interpretation of the text and its underlying mechanics.

Background: Pain can be a constant problem in many older people's daily life, associated with particular physical and social disability, depression and poor quality of life. Dementia diseases are often associated with old age. Communication difficulties are one of the consequences of the disease, which clarifies the role of nursing staff in detecting and assessing pain. Objective: The aim was to compile knowledge about how nursing staff can identify pain in people with dementia. Method: A systematic literature review, where data were collected through manual and database searches.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to investigate the views Swedish elementary school teachers produce on the subject of ethics. The teachers? thoughts on selection among ethical notions is described and also how these notions are assessed. The essay proceeds from the central content and the knowledge requirement in the syllabus of religious knowledge.The empirical survey is based on qualitative scientific interviews with four teachers employed in grades 4-6 at different schools.The teachers find ethics in its current state of the syllabus hard to define and they find encounters with parents and pupils difficult in their tasks. The selection of ethics is decided by previously planned basic values education or from conflicts erupting during schools hours.

This essay examines if formative assessment causes any impact on upper secondary school students results in social science. Other questions asked are which group of students benefits most from formative assessment and if any connections can be found between the students result and their cognitive approach to learning, problem solving capability and attitude to school.Two classes from a school in Stockholm were chosen to participate in the study. The theoretical framework is mostly based on former research performed by Black and William (1998, 2003). Multiple methods were used, including an experiment with a parallel-group design with two groups, a survey and a problem solving test. Statistics is used to describe and analyze collected data.Both groups were taught during five lessons in the same field of knowledge with the same kind of teaching, apart from formative assessment.

Denna uppsats handlar om referatskrivande i gymnasieskolan och syftet har varit att undersöka hur en grupp på 20 elever, som just börjat kursen Svenska 1 på ett yrkesförberedande program, klarar att skriva genren referat efter given instruktion. Eleverna har fått sina instruktioner kring hur ett referat ska skrivas av sin lärare och de har med hjälp av dem och skriftliga instruktioner i läroboken Svenska A, där källtexten Samarbeta för att överleva har hämtats, skrivit varsitt referat som sedan undersökts.Resultatet innefattar hur eleverna har gjort med de typiska drag som nämns i instruktionen: referatannonsering, referatmarkörer, bearbetning av text till egna ord o.s.v. Detta presenteras i huvudsak kvantitativt med hjälp av diagram som sedan kommenteras. Några av dragen har eleverna använt sig av utan problem, så som referatannonsering och referatmarkörer, men av de 20 eleverna har bara 1 med alla de moment som har krävts om man hårdrar det, annars 2 stycken. 9 av eleverna bearbetar sin text så att majoriteten av innehållet är egenformulerad text.Som slutsats ges råd om att eleverna behöver få hjälp och tid att träna sig i att skriva med egna ord och med att se vad de själva gör med texten och hur det bör se ut för att vara tillräckligt omskrivet för att vara refererande text. .

I denna uppsats undersöks elva nybörjarelevers grammatiska utveckling under de tolv första veckorna. Den grammatiska utvecklingen analyseras utifrån tre modeller för grammatisk utveckling, Pienemanns processbarhetsteori, performansanalys och Axelssons nominalfras-modell. Fem texter från varje deltagare analyseras. Syftet är att undersöka hur långt på de tre olika nivåskalorna deltagarna når efter tolv veckor. I enlighet med processbarhetsteorin klarar alla deltagare nivå 3 och två deltagare presterar nivå 4; en av dem vid två tillfällen och en av dem vid ett tillfälle.

The level of increased central government that we have experienced during the last decades in school, for the purpose of increasing equality and to adapt the Swedish school to a certain international standard, clearly shows that increased control scarcely leads to improvement.The aim of this paper is to examine whether teachers believe that national tests contribute to equivalent assessment and increased goal attainment. Furthermore the teachers? attitude towards and work with national tests is described. The paper is written from a school improvement perspective, where good examples from current research on what creates increased quality in school meaning increased goal attainment and equivalent assessment are related to research on school effectiveness and increased testing in schools. The study builds upon a quantitative survey among teachers in upper primary - and secondary school in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden.The result shows that the teachers have a somewhat more positive than negative attitude towards national tests, as a whole.

Detta arbete undersöker hur information kan författas och hanteras genom en produktionskedjas olika medier och aktörer med medvetenhet om dess destination och utan att innebörd förvrängs. Vidare om en instruktion för författande kan underlätta författarprocessen samt att öka användarupplevelsen av producerad text. För att svara på forskningsproblemet utförs en teoretisk analys på litteratur förenlig med interaktionsdesign som mynnar i 35 stycken riktlinjer för design av talad text. Vidare genomförs en målinventering med tre textförfattare och med 13 museibesökare. Med utgångspunkt i framtagna riktlinjer och resultat av målinventering skapas en skrivinstruktion.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of their grades in relation to the grading criteria in physical education. To investigate this used issues: how values and experience rating criteria? How do students their teachers' planning of lessons? How do students grading assessment in physical education and what they believe is important? The method used was a questionnaire with closed questions. The answers were given on a six-point scale, ranging from 1 = "not true" to 6 = "totally agree". In a qualitative analysis of the quantitative material.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine to what extent documentation of pain assessment with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on patients with pain problems was carried out. The study also explored how the documentation followed the existing guidelines of pain. The material was analyzed with descriptive statistics and a qualitative content analysis. The results shows that 43,24 % of total 37 analyzed patient records contained documentation of pain with VAS on the day of hospitalization. All studied journals contained documentation of pain.