Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur förskolan och förskoleklassen fungerar som en kommunikativ arena. Vårt underlag för undersökningen består av enkäter och intervjuer omfattande 15 pedagogers tankar och syn på förskolan och förskoleklassen som en kommunikativ arena. Resultatet visar att de flesta av de tillfrågade pedagogerna förväntar sig att barn ska följa en viss utvecklingskurva när det gäller språkutveckling och att talet kan stärkas och förtydligas med kompletterande kommunikation. Pedagogerna menar att det alltid finns ett behov av kompetenshöjning i ämnet då det forskas om barns språkutveckling och nya rön läggs fram. Slutsatsen är att pedagogerna anser att kommunikation inte bara sker genom tal utan med hela kroppen och att det handlar om att göra sig förstådd och förstå omvärlden..

 This essay aim to clear the regulations that adjusts the use of non-compete clauses in contracts of employement. The historical developement shows tendencies that more employees have contracts that includes non-compete clauses. This developement does not always correspond with what is allowed concerning these clauses. Non-compete clauses is adjusted by the regulations in the collective agreement known as the agreement of 1969. The agreement has also been accepted outside its regular field of application.

En lagändring förmodas antas och börja gälla den första juli i år som ger papperslösa rätt till skola. Många av oss lärarstudenter kommer att möta papperslösa elever och det finns oerhört lite forskning på hur papperslösa elever kan inkluderas i skolan. Men det finns papperslösa elever som sitter på värdefulla kunskaper om hur papperslösas skolgång ser ut. Därför undersöks i detta examensarbete papperslösa formella och substantiella tillgång till gymnasieskolan. En diskussion förs kring vilket sätt elevernas situation som papperslösa påverkar deras tillgång till skola.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the second home sector in Sweden and Denmark, in a comparative study of regulations for the second home market, and residence requirement. Two attractive second home island destinations is being compared in Ven, Landskrona and Gudhjem, Bornholm. The study addresses issues such as the local effects of a regulation of the second home market get at a local level, and the effects generated by deregulation, as well as local people's opinions about second home regulation in a popular second home area in southern Sweden. This has been examined using a mix between qualitative method and quantitative methods, and the study is based on six semi-structured interviews from informants from Ven, Bornholm, and Gudhjem which has been analyzed throughout a thematic analysis. In addition to the interviews, diagrams from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Sweden and Statistics Denmark, and various real estate websites, and a field observation from Ven and Gudhjem will be presented.The result shows that show that the discussion on residence requirement has been going on for a long time in Sweden and Ven, but the local organizations found more disadvantages than advantages and are now looking in to other solutions, while other locals believes that there are more advantages with a residence requirement. In Denmark it?s revealed that there is recently started discussion between municipal decision-makers and local organizations about the regulations, and if it should be abolished or not.

De större företagen i Sverige använder alltmer byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) i sina byggprojekt. Examensarbetets syfte är att kartlägga i vilken utsträckning BIM påverkar effektiviteten i produktionsfasen på två byggarbetsplatser, Fortnox Arena och Myresjöhus Arena, båda i Växjö. Rapporten belyser BIM, med dess möjligheter respektive svårigheter samt hur det kan användas i produktionsskedet. Utgångspunkten för analysen är intervjuer av olika entreprenörer som medverkade i något av de två nämnda byggprojekten. Intervjuerna visade att BIM tillämpas till viss del på arbetsplatsen och BIM anses bidra till tidsbesparing i projekten.

Who has the ownership of a company´s long-term strategy, and who should have it? Is it the board of directors or the senior management? Swedish law and regulations seemingly point in one direction, whereas the findings of studying the relationship between CEO and chairman of the board in eleven Swedish listed large- and mid-cap companies, point the other way. In a majority of the companies the senior management have the ownership of the long term strategy whilst the board of directors merely hold a control function. The possible effects on the companies managed as well as the rules and regulations they are managed according to, are analyzed..

The collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a collective agreement with quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

The connection between management control systems for controlling sustainability and a firm's motivation for engaging in sustainability is not completely understood (Arjaliès & Mundy, 2013). The aim of this thesis is to develop a more profound understanding for management control in achieving sustainable companies. To do this, we raise the question: How and to what extent do companies use management control systems to achieve sustainability compliance Simons's Levers of Control (1995) are applied to this question in order to get a consistent and thorough insight of management control systems. Hence, a case study of ABB:s work to achieve material compliance in accordance with EU-regulation was conducted. The findings of the case study reveal that ABB uses the regulations as explicit goals and implement them in sustainability procedures.

The purpose of the set of regulations as regards to accounting and auditing within the Union, is primarily to ensure a high quality of the large public companies financial reporting and hence protect the capital market investors. As the set of regulations also applies to the small companies, these are burdened by administrative costs that are disproportionate. To increase the competitiveness of the European companies, the European council has stated that it is essential to reduce the companies? administrative costs. The main principle is that all companies are under an obligation to statutory audit, however Member States may make audit exemptions for small companies.

Bakgrund: Det finns en dold arena i skolan som är outforskad och som fångat vårt intressetill denna studie. Studien ger även kunskaper till all personal inom skolan som på något sättbemöter eleverna. Vi har valt att utgå ifrån elevernas perspektiv där elever från årskurs 1 och2 deltagit för att bidra med sina tankar. Vi har studerat detta utifrån ett fenomenologisktperspektiv. Eftersom det saknas tidigare forskning inom området har vi kompletterat medforskning kring socialt samspel och konflikter vilket är något som ständigt förekommer påden dolda arenan.Sökord: Sökorden vi har använt var dolda platser i skolan, gömda platser i skolan, när ingenvuxen ser i skolan, utan att pedagog/personal ser, egen tid, rum i skolan, pedagogersnärvaro/frånvaro.Syfte: Vårt syfte med undersökningen var att se om det finns en dold arena och hur denupplevs av eleverna i skolan.Metod: Vi har valt att använda oss av intervjuer utifrån en fenomenologisk grundtankeeftersom vi vill undersöka elevernas upplevelser kring den dolda arenan.

Abstract The main subject of this essay is conflicts at work and the effect it has on the employee´s health.  I can through various reports read that bad health at workplaces is too high and that conflicts are a reason. What can be done to the work environment so it will be better from a psychosocial perspective? Sweden has a regulation that makes the employer responsible to work for an improvement in the work environment; can these regulations be used in purpose to reduce conflicts?My first question concerns the possibility to establish preventive procedures in the workplace systematic work regarding to improve the work environment. My second question is about the obligations of the employer to attempt to reduce conflicts at the workplace and the third question regards the documenting and monitoring of conflicts and the preventing work to reduce them. The purpose of this essay is to clarify how conflict preventive work can be included in the Systematic work environment management.

Background: In 2001 the European Commission presented legislation to require use of IASB standards named IAS/IFRS for all listed parent companies within the EU no later than 2005, to improve an internal market for financial services within the EU. This harmonisation of the accounting regulations answers to the social development of today with land-frontiers easier to cross, increased demands on an open financial market and the companies searching for risk capital outside the boundaries of the own country. International comparisons within accounting have consequently become more of current interest and necessary. When the requirement to use the IASB standards only is intended for the group accounting the remaining question is according to which regulations the parent companies will set up their annual financial reports. In Statens Offentliga Utredningar 2003:71(Swedish Government Official Reports) the parent companies are suggested to be given an opportunity to apply IAS/IFRS also in the annual financial report.

The out-of-town retail establishments are part of the dramatic structural changes in the retailing of food and groceries. There are however strong indications suggesting these establishments result in negative externalities concerning areas such as pollution and urban environment. The purpose of this study is to describe and, from an economic perspective, analyse the Swedish political regulations and planning policies concerning the out-of-town supermarkets. The analysis establishes that the current regulations regarding out-of-town retailing do not, due to the occurrence of market failures, produce an optimal situation. It might therefore be necessary to change the planning policies in a more restrictive direction.

Människor har ett behov av delaktighet i sociala sammanhang, att ha meningsfulla relationer till andra individer. Detta är en förutsättning för ett gott socialt välbefinnande. Den här studien undersöker ifall internetcafeér kan ha betydelse för det sociala välbefinnandet hos individer. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom observationer, intervju samt fokusgruppdiskussioner. Datan analyserades enligt etnografisk metodansats med induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys, vilket resulterade i indelningen i kategorier som på olika sätt berör det sociala välbefinnandet.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the democratization process in Kurdistan on the basis of consolidation democracy with focus on arenas defined by Linz and Stepan (1997), namely economic, political, legal, civil society and arenas of state bureaucracy. Furthermore, I intend to explain Kurdistan?s road toward democratization in Kurdistan from 1991 until today, with a focus on the years 2003-2012. The main results are that Kurdistan has developed conditions that support a future consolidation of democracy. However, there are weaknesses in the economic situation, rule of law and the arena of bureaucracy.