Both the Commission and the Community Courts have on several occasions stated that a concentration that will cause the creation or strengthening of an oligopoly under certain circumstances might cause what?s referred to as a collective dominant position in the market. The concept of collective dominant position has gained a lot of criticism for being poorly defined and thereby create an uncertainty. The Commissions approach when applying the concept has also gained criticism for its lack of consistency. As a consequence of the Court of First Instances (CFI) decision in the case Airtours v.

Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka tystnadens kommunikativa funktion i två svenska teaterpjäser, Leka med elden av August Strindberg och En talande tystnad av Erland Josephson. I min metod använder jag mig av en anti-essentialistisk hållning och intresserar mig i första hand för tystnadens funktion.Tystnaden analyseras utifrån tre ingångar: dess relevans, konceptualisering och distanserande/förenande funktion. Analysen visar skillnader pjäserna emellan vad gäller tystnadsindikationer i teatertexten. En talande tystnad regisserar oftare explicit pauserna medan tystnaden i Leka med elden endast är antydd i texten och får sin relevans i Holms regi. Metaforer som avslöjar tystnadens konceptualisering förekommer i En talande tystnad men inte alls i Leka med elden.

The heuristic methods used by the anti-trojan application TrojanHunter have been evaluated. The evaluation shows that the heuristic scan engine of TrojanHunter has a very good detection ratio and that the detection ratio can be even further improved by implementing the suggested improvements, the most important of which is a white list to avoid misidentifying files that are known not to be trojans..

Title: ?Du kommer väl ihåg hur det var att gå i skolan?? ? En visuell retorikanalys av fem av Friends antimobbningsfilmerNumber of pages: 75Authors: Radhika Bhasin and Christoffer OrreTutor: Marinette Fogde and Gudrun WeinerCourse: Communication, Advanced CoursePeriod: Spring 2007University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Humanistic Science, Örebro UniversityPurpose/Aim: The purpose with this essay is to examine in what ways the Swedish organisation Friends advertising films against bullying rhetorically and visual rhetorically intend to convince their audience of their message.Material/Method: We have been studying five of Friends advertising films against bullying. The five films were chosen because they all originated from the same campaign against bullying amongst schoolchildren. The methods used were partly rhetoric analysis and partly visual rhetoric analysis.Main results: The conclusion we can draw from this study is that Friends anti-bullying films uses several rhetoric methods, both classic and visual, to convince their audience. Occurrence of pathos (emotions) arguments as convincing method was most commonly used, followed by ethos (sender trust) and only a few logos (fact) arguments.

Upprorsbekämpning på taktisk nivå är problematiskt därför att konflikter som kräver sådanbekämpning, alltid är unika. Det finns inte heller någon generell teori som leder tillframgång.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka ifall Kilcullens 28 artiklar går att tillämpa på denlyckade upprorsbekämpningen i Malaya.Metoden som användes är kvalitativ textanalys av britternas taktiska doktrin underkonflikten, the conduct of anti-terrorist operations in Malaya (ATOM), utifrån Kilcullens 28artiklar. Även artiklar skrivna av officerare och soldater under konflikten har använts för attge stöd till påståenden samt för att belysa ifall britterna faktiskt följde sin taktiska doktrineller ej.Resultatet visar att det inte går att applicera Kilcullens teori på britternas taktiska agerande iMalaya. Endast 10 av 28 artiklar var applicerbara.Författaren drar slutsatsen att Kilcullens 28 artiklar möjligen inte är användbara somgenerella riktlinjer för handlingsalternativ på taktisk nivå. Författaren lyfter emellertid att flerstudier på andra konflikter behövs för att fastställa påståendet..

This paper concerns the divide between secularist and anti-secularist groups in Turkey, which is related to a greater antagonism between a Kemalist and an Islamic political discourse, dominant in Turkish politics since the 1980s. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the causes of the conflict using the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The second aim is to analyse the contents of each discourse and identify the main points of conflict between them. The empirical material used in the study consists exclusively of secondary sources treating the topic, and these are analysed using the theory of identity conflicts, which is part of Laclau and Mouffe's theory. It will be argued that the attempts of Kemalism to impose strict secularism by hegemonising the concepts of ?modernity? and ?Islam? led to the creation of an alternative political discourse based on political Islam.

I min uppsats har jag valt att undersöka Dansk Folkepartis bok Danmarks fremtid dit land - dit valg. Jag har främst gjort en retorisk analys av materialet utifrån Lennart Hellspongs bok Metoder för brukstextanalys. I kombination med den retoriska analysen har jag även valt att använda Teun van Dijks bok Elite discourse and racism för att få en breddare förståelse av materialet. Med hjälp av van Dijks bok och hans diskussion av olika retoriska strategier och diskurser försöker jag göra det lättare att förstå och se Dansk Folkepartis sätt att påverka. Jag för även en kortare diskussion av bilder och dikter som förekommer i boken..

The essay, which is solely theoretical to its form, presents a critical view upon the unproblematized usage of the concept of ethnicity in the Swedish mass media discourse. Theories of critical discourse analysis and post colonial nature is applied to and used to analyze what ethnicity really means. The essay also provides an insight in the functions and power of mass media in Sweden today to understand why ethnicity is so widely used, and what consequences it may bring upon the systematically excluded "other" and the society as a whole..

In recent years, the right-wing extremist site Avpixlat (?Unveiled?) and the anti-racist blog Inte rasist, men... (?Not a racist, but??, IRM) have established themselves as political actors and platforms for political discussion in Sweden. However, we know very little about them and their impact on democracy.

The study aims to examine how censorship and comics have been discussed in three debates. The aim is also to identify discourses and the orders and relations of power constructed in the debates, and to examine how librarians should handle debates about censorship and comics. Selected sources are articles from Swedish newspapers and tabloids about the debates on the Pox-trial, the manga case and the debate about Tintin in Kulturhuset. The results from the analysis indicates that the debates have been dominated by two main discourses: a discourse on freedom of speech and a discourse on social responsibility. Within the discourse of freedom of speech there is a range of perspectives that emphasize: artistic freedom, the need for open and free conversations, a discussion about how the comics are assessed in comparison with other media formats as well as a discussion about moral and moralism.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om naturläkemedlet Ibogain kunde vara en bra behandling för missbruk. För att kunna besvara detta har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med fyra personer som genomgått Ibogain-behandling och en psykolog/psykoterapeut på en beroendeklink, Lars Lundell. Utöver dessa intervjuer har en klinik i London besökts som utför Ibogain-behandling. På kliniken gjordes en observationsstudie av behandlingen, samt intervjuer med klinikchefen Dr Brackenridge och en av hans patienter, i uppsatsen kallad Will. Studiens perspektiv utgår från informanterna och våra egna observationer om Ibogain-behandling.

This study attempts to explore how schools? handles and prevents cyber-bullying among pupils. The purpose in this study was to investigate how the school staffs work in secondary schools with grades sixth to ninth. How do the schools discover, prevent and stop cyber-bullying? Do the schools? have any experiences of cyber-bullying? How do the schools work with anti-bullying concepts ? have the new phenomenon cyber-bullying affected and changed the schools´ anti-bullying work in connection with the guidelines and in relation to the "new technology"? This study attempts to examine how this is handled within several secondary schools with three different municipalities.

Title: How to Construct the Perfect Scandal ? a study of the news reported by Expressen concerning the SD-scandalAuthor: Linnea IvarssonThis C-paper presents the incident concerning the political party Sverigedemokraterna in Expressen in November 2012. The newspaper was the main source of the news reporting with the mobile phone camera film from the occurance and led the way of the news reporting in Sweden about three party members.The paper investigates how the story telling of the so called SD-scandal was constructed, using Critical Discourse Analysis as the analysis method combined with selected parts from the analysis method of critical linguistics. The theories that have been used to establish the results of the analysis are Critical Discourse as a theory based on Norman Fairclough and Teun A. van Dijks theoretical keystones combined with Sigurd Allerns and Ester Pollacks theories and schematic point of view on the constructions of political scandals in media.With the theories and analysis methods above mentioned the results turned out to confirm the theory about how political scandals in media are constructed and designed with certain strategies and agenda.

This is a study that aims to discern whether there are any differences between upper secondary level school textbooks published both before The Living History Forum (a government agency that works with issues on tolerance, democracy and human rights) was founded and after with regards to their depiction of Judaism in general and anti-Semitism and the Holocaust in particular. Underscoring the relevancy of this topic, in 1997 CEIFO (The Centre for Research in International Migration and Ethnic Relations) and Brå (Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention) conducted a survey among school children which revealed a lack of knowledge regarding the Holocaust (including whether it had even occurred). With this educational deficiency in mind, this study attempts to determine if there is an active development in text-book authoring regarding this subject.Using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) eight textbooks (four old and four new) are examined and compared in order to see if there have been changes in discourse regarding this topic over time. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis is a method used to analyse the relationship between discourse and changes in social and cultural development, and is thus employed in this case to determine if any significant changes have been made in textbooks regarding this topic.As a future teacher in religion it is important for me (and others) to be aware of this type of issue in order to be able to combat it when encountered in schools. It is also important, and part of one?s responsibility as a teacher, to actively and critically work with and review textbooks.This study has not found any major changes in the depiction of Judaism and anti-Semitism in any of the textbooks reviewed.

This is an essay in Swedish on the subject of democracy and demonstrations of collective violence. The study is based on a conflict between the youth-house movement in Copenhagen and the state of Denmark - the city of Copenhagen. The focus is over the period December 2006 until January 2008 with reflection on the political movement around the youth-house from the 80's and onwards. This political movement roots back to the late 60's and especially the squatting movement, the BZ, of Europe which had a strong period in Denmark both in the 60's and the 80's. There is also a strong connection to other political movements of anti-fascism, anti-globalisation, queer activism and equal rights.