During the past few years there has been an observed decrease in physical fitness within different patient groups. As a part of the rehabilitating physiotherapy treatment it is important to acknowledge the physical condition of the patient. Physical fitness testing might be difficult due to physical limitations within different patient groups. A broad range of exercise tests is therefore of importance in clinical practice. The aim of this overview was to describe exercise tests used in rehabilitation contexts, and to define areas of use and restrictions.

Hur påverkar kulturen det kliniska arbetsterapeutiska arbetet med människor från en annan kulturell bakgrund? Den/de referens-ram/ar arbetsterapeuter använder sig av kommer, åtminstone oftast, från västvärlden med de värderingar och normer som finns här. I östasiatiska kulturer finns en delvis annan ?tids- och jag-uppfattning? än i västvärlden. Om värderingar och normer inte stämmer med patienternas finns en risk att behandlingen inte blir av tillräckligt god kvalitet.Smärtpatienter är en stor patientgrupp i primärvården.

The resting area is the most important place in the barn for the dairy cow, sometimes called the heart of the free stall system. Inadequate design of the lying area, and lack of or poor quality of bedding materials may reduce the hygiene of the stall. Poor management regarding the cleanliness of the resting area may lead to poor animal hygiene and increased bacterial growth. This in turn will lead to increased risk for environmental mastitis as well as impairing milk quality through contamination with spores. In this literature study the most commonly used bedding materials; straw, sawdust, wood shavings, clean sand, recycled sand, peat and recycled manure solids, are compared to one another with regards to their ability to resist bacterial growth. Effects of adding hydrated lime to bedding materials have also been studied. Most bacteria need humidity and prefer a quite high water activity to be able to grow.

Demenssjukdom drabbar var femte person över 80 år i Sverige och befolkningsmängden ökar ständigt, vilket betyder att demensvård är av betydelse för framtida forskning och har stor utvecklingspotential. Demens innebär att den kognitiva förmågan; minne, orientering till tid och rum, personlighetsförändring och förmåga att ta hand om sig själv, försämras steg för steg. Att leva i en stimulerad vardag är av stor vikt för denna patientgrupp. Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att kartlägga hur vårdhundar på olika sätt kan påverka livskvaliteten för patienter med demens. Studien är en litteraturöversikt där en induktiv metod har använts.

In order to investigate if the KRAV-regulations have any effects on the health and welfare of calves, KRAV-affiliated farms were compared to conventional farms with respect to calf management and outcome. The dairy calf has had a low economical impact during history. Even today the value of the calf is low and a lot of calves have a poor health status. The calf breeding is built on tradition and on the fact, that cheap antibiotics have made it possible to ignore, the recommendations about good hygiene in the calf?s environment.

Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) is characterized by paradoxical vocal cord movement during inspiration or expiration, and generally affects adolescents and predominantly women. Previous studies have shown a large inconsistency concerning terminology, definitions, etiology, assessment, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity and treatment. The purpose of this study was to map knowledge on and management of VCD in Sweden. The study was conducted as a written survey addressed to speech-language pathologists and physicians, and attained an answer percentage of 79 percent. The results showed that several professions were involved in the management of these patients, but no clear pattern of referral could be observed.

For over 40 years, there's been a debate in Sweden of whether it's good or bad with maintenance therapy for heroin addicts. This method is far more acknowledged in other parts of Europe and in USA. The aim of this paper was to explore how public actors manifest their thoughts concerning the subject of the substitution program in Sweden. This approach includes the complex of problems that can be found in statements and the discourses that these operators stand for and support. In my analysis the philosophical thread was principally based on Michael Foucault ideas, but also on other theories related to social constructionism.

Objective: The aim of this work is to find out how a number of educators work when giving children support and opportunities for language development.Questions:What have preschool for policy to monitor/assess the children?s language development?What experiences do teachers have of children who need support in language development?How do educator?s regard support from specialised educator?s? Do these efforts support the children to enhance language development?Methods: Qualitative methodology, Interviews with six teachers and two specialised educators from three kindergartens in the municipality.Summary of conclusions: The municipality in which the survey was conducted has a document that provides guide lines on how to work with children?s language development in school and preschool. Pedagogical documentation is a tool that teachers use in nursery school which educators and parents can follow, which shows children?s learning processes and learn strategies. Research shows that through play, music, creative activities, photos, etc.

The purpose of the study was to find out whether the interaction between mentally disabled individuals and pet positively affects the individual and gives a feeling of well-being to the extent that this might be implicated in the psychologically disabled people?s everyday life in some form of rehabilitation measure. The study is qualitative and builds on an ethnographic design. Data collection was performed through six observations, six interviews and reflections. Interviews were also conducted with relatives and assistants for greater opportunity for follow-up questions, and descriptions of the situation.

This paper discusses an osteological- and archeological analysis of a cairn from the Bronze Age on Gotland. The osteological material consists of both burnt and and unburnt bones from both human and animal. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the individuals who were buried in the cairn. It is also to generate information about continuity in its use and patterns of distribution of the bones and grave-goods in the cairn. The osteological analysis show that a minimum of five human individuals is present in the osteological material.

Climate on earth is getting warmer, which effects earth?s energy balance and so forth the ocean and atmospheric circulation.  In many sub-polar regions on the northern hemisphere changes due to warming of the climate can be observed. Some examples that already have been observed are shifts in tree line, towards higher altitudes and latitudes, increased ablation of Swedish glaciers and melting of the permafrost on the Siberian tundra. In Sweden climate change scenarios tell us that it will become warmer and that a higher amount of precipitation in form of rain will be an effect from this. To study climate changes in Sweden, transition zones are useful in order to observe changes in distribution of species and animal populations.

During the last decade a new technique in animal breeding has developed called genomic selection. It is based on estimations of the effect from genetic markers on traits that are calculated in a reference population. By genotyping individuals, genomic breeding values can then be estimated without phenotypic observations. The aim of this essay is to investigate the response of genomic selection on breeding schemes for dairy cattle. The accuracy of the genomic breeding values is affected by the proportion of observations included in the validation set and how often the equation for estimating breeding values is reevaluated.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka icke-farmakologiska behandlingar som kan användas vid oro hos personer med demens samt att beskriva vilken inverkan studerade icke-farmakologiska behandlingar hade på oro hos personer med demens. Vidare var syftet att kontrollera vilka datainsamlingsinstrument som användes vid mätning av oro i inkluderade studier samt om dessa testades i respektive studie gällande reliabilitet och validitet.Metod: Detta var en beskrivande litteraturstudie, litteratur eftersöktes i de vetenskapliga databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. 13 studier inkluderades, dessa omfattade fem olika icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder. Författarna läste, översatte och sammanställde först enskilt de valda studierna för att främja ett objektivt förhållningssätt. Den metodologiska aspekten datainsamling kontrollerades i inkluderade vetenskapliga studier.Resultat: Det fanns varierande inverkan på orosnivån hos personer med demens av de icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoderna, musik-, arom-massage-, djurassisterad-, ljusterapi och Peacefull mind.Slutsats: Majoriteten av inkluderade icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder minskade orosnivån hos personer med demens.

Föreliggande examensuppsats undersöker vilka möjliga betydelser och meningsinnebörder feministiska perspektiv kan ha för bedrivandet av psykoterapi. Utifrån en explorativ och förståelsegrundande ansats intervjuades 13 svenska behandlare med självidentifierade feministiska utgångspunkter om hur de ser på skärningsytorna mellan feminism och psykoterapi, sin yrkesroll, samt vilka konsekvenser deras feministiska perspektiv får i det praktiska behandlingsarbetet.Resultaten visar att feministisk terapi som begrepp framstår som i stort sett oetablerat i en svensk psykoterapeutisk kontext, att förhållandevis lite forskning på området tidigare är gjord, samt att intervjudeltagarna ofta framställer sammanjämkningen mellan feministiska och psykoterapeutiska diskurser som komplicerad. De medverkande beskriver sina feministiska utgångspunkter som en bakomliggande filosofi snarare än en uppsättning tekniker. Dessa omsätts i terapeutisk behandlingspraktik genom en problematisering av maktaspekter, ett uppmärksammande av strukturella faktorers inverkan på subjektivitetsskapandet, samt ett kritiskt och stundtals avståndstagande förhållningssätt till specifika delar av de gängse terapiparadigmen. Ideologiska dimensioner exemplifieras bl.a.

Adhesiv kapsulit (AC) utgör 15 % av alla skuldersmärtor i primärvården. Orsaken är okänd och huvudsymptom är smärta och stelhet med inskränkt rörlighet. Sjukdomsförloppet indelas vanligen i tre faser och naturalförloppet kan vara mer än tre år. Sjukgymnastisk behandling innebär vanligen töjning, mobilisering, träning, akupunktur, värme och el-terapi. Även medicinsk behandling används.