Vi konsumerar allt mer i en allt högre hastighet och barnfamiljerna är en målgrupp som marknadens aktörer gärna vill knyta till sina produkter. Funderar vi över hur vi handlar, är det hedonistiska eller moraliska faktorer som avgör eller sker det helt enkelt på rutin och i invanda mönster? Är förstagångsmamman mer intresserad av estetiskt tilltalande produkter eller anser hon att etiska frågor som miljö och arbetsförhållanden är viktigare när det gäller produkter till barn?Syftet är att inhämta information från förstagångsmammor avseende deras konsumtionsmönster när det gäller barnprodukter som kläder, leksaker och blöjor. Tanken är att få insikt i hur de väljer sina varor, om det är etiska eller estetiska faktorer som är avgörande eller kanske en kombination av de två.Undersökningen görs med teoretisk utgångspunkt i Pierre Bourdieus teorier om kapital med grund i respondenternas socioekonomiska grupptillhörighet. Efter litteraturgenomgång i syfte att hitta relevant material har undersökningen sedan genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer.

Background The Shetland Sheepdog is a popular breed of dogs in Sweden. The breed is mostly used as a companion dog and is also popular within certain dog sports such as agility. The Shetland Sheepdog is not included in any breeding programs regarding joint health. The animal insurance company, Agria had recently informed the Swedish Shetland Sheepdog Club (SSSK) that they had noted an increasing number of arthritis in the elbow joints, therefore they wanted to exclude elbow joints from the insurance until SSSK started a breeding program against elbow dysplasia. After the start of this study Agria withdrew their demand, but the study went on as planned. Aims of this study The aims of this study was to investigate if there is any data that may show if there is a larger or smaller reason than before to suspect that the breed has a problem with elbow dysplasia and therefore would benefit from a breeding program regarding this.

The high incidence of cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs results in both suffering and significant costs due to treatment and care of affected dogs. Today there are several different technics for surgical treatment in dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament. At University Animal Hospital (UDS), SLU, in Uppsala two fundamentally different methods; TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) and external fixation with suture material are practiced. The aim of this study was to estimate if the different surgery technics result in any difference regarding the function of the dog in a long term perspective. Since motion and function are very affected by arthritis, was the purpose also to determine if there are any differences in developing arthritis between dogs surgical treated with external fixation respectively with TPLO. Development of arthritis is common after surgery or traumatic injuries in a joint, such as cruciate ligament rupture. Unfortunately was the number of dogs in the study to small to achieve two comparable groups.

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not Icelandic horses are less severely affected in clinical symptoms of cough or decreased performance than other breeds of horses. A breed variation in chronic respiratory disease severity was suspected based on clinical experience at the Institution for surgery & medicine, large animal, SLU Uppsala. A retrospective journal study of 17 Icelandic horses and 17 Swedish Standardbred horses with chronic problems with cough and/or decreased performance compared several measurements of disease severity. The clinical signs, physical examination and laboratory testing results compared were respiratory rate, abdominal breathing, lung auscultation, endoscopy results, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) results and the blood gases pO2 and pCO2. All parameters were available for all 34 individuals except for the blood gases, which were analysed, in only four Icelandic horses and four Swedish Standardbred horses. The only parameters that appeared different between the two groups were respiratory rate and pO2. The four Icelandic horses, which had blood gases analysed, had more severe hypoxemia.

Water is the most essential resource for life. In cases where drinking water is processed from surface water it is important to ensure the raw water is of good quality, and is suitable for processing through the water treatment plant.The drinking water for Västerås is sourced from Västeråsfjärden, in the western side of Lake Mälaren. The city itself is home to marinas, ports, a wastewater treatment plant, the Svartån outlet, sewage pumping stations and stormwater outlets. Because of the negative effects these activities have on surface water quality, Mälarenergi AB is interested in relocating the raw water intake point to Granfjärden, 10 km east of Västeråsfjärden. At Granfjärden the intake point would be less exposed to the activities in Västerås, and could be placed at a greater depth, resulting in better water quality.In this Master?s thesis the water quality and the pollution risks at Västeråsfjärden and Granfjärden sites are compared.

In Sweden in January 2005, there is only one producer of organic broilers and none of organic turkeys. But there are, on the other hand, a few small-scale producers whose housing systems to some extent are similar to what is stipulated in the organic standards. The aims of this work are to investigate what housing systems are used by the Swedish small-scale producers of broilers and turkeys, what main challenges they are confronted with and if there is an interest and a possibility for a change-over to organic production. For the first part of this work a literature study was performed with the purpose of detecting the main health problems in conventional as well as smallscale production. A special focus was on coccidiosis and leg weakness as those were considered to be of particular importance. A study was made of Swedish small-scale poultry production units. In two groups of broilers from the same producer and in three flocks of turkeys the level of Eimeria oocysts in faeces and litter was investigated.

Pyometra (chronic purulent uterine inflammation) is a common disease in middle-aged and older intact bitches. The disease most frequently occurs in metoestrus and previous research studies have shown that both hormones and bacteria are involved in the development of the disease. Analysis of the blood levels of prostaglandin metabolite 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2? (PG-metabolite) has previously been shown to be clinically useful in the differentiation of canine uterine diseases such as pyometra and mucometra. The PG-metabolite concentration has also been correlated to severity in pyometra as determined by hospitalisation length. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if blood levels of PG-metabolite can differentiate uterine diseases such as pyometra from other diseases in female dogs.

Bakgrund: Det ställs höga krav på sjuksköterskan som förväntas ge en god objektiv omvårdnad där förförståelse, egna värderingar och känslor inte ska påverka bemötandet i omvårdnaden. Allmänsjuksköterskans medverkan inom abortvården har utökats i takt med det ökade antalet medicinska aborter vilket medför ett betydligt större ansvar. Sjuksköterskans dilemma består i att ge god omvårdnad till kvinnan och även ansvara för omhändertagandet av fostret efter aborten. Etiska, moraliska och religiösa aspekter på abortvården har alltid funnits och det är ofta krävande för sjuksköterskan att navigera mellan att utöva sin profession, arbeta i enlighet med gällande abortlag och hantera sina etiska och moraliska ståndpunkter.Syfte: Att beskriva de etiska problem som sjuksköterskor ställs inför vid omvårdnaden av kvinnor som genomgår abort samt hur de hanterar och reflekterar kring sitt omvårdnadsansvar.Metod: Litteraturstudie bestående av tio artiklar med kvalitativ design samt kvalitetsgranskade enligt Friberg (2012).Resultat: I litteraturstudiens resultatdel behandlas frågor som vilka moraliska/etiska problem sjuksköterskan upplever inom abortvården samt sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att hantera dessa och vilket stöd och vilka strategier som behövs i bearbetandet av svåra situationer inom abortvården. Studien resulterade i fyra huvudteman; Etiska aspekter vid avbrytande av graviditet, Faktorer som påverkar hur sjuksköterskan hanterar sitt omvårdnadsansvar, Strategier för att hantera omvårdnadsansvaret och Sjuksköterskans behov av stöd.

Denna uppsats behandlar idéer och ideologier i två tidskrifter, Djurens rätt och Djurfront, utgivna av djurskyddsföreningen Nordiska Samfundet mot Plågsamma Djurförsök under 1970-talet. Uppsatsen syfte är att undersöka vilka idéer och ideologier som framkommer i tidskrifterna, det vill säga vilka värderingar och föreställningar om verkligheten som kommer till uttryck. För detta har jag använt mig av idé- och ideologianalys. Min teori består i en förståelse av språk och begrepp som uppbyggt och format av en antropocentrisk diskurs som särskiljer och upphöjer människan och det mänskliga från djuret och det djuriska. Vidare menar jag att detta får konsekvenser för hur en rörelse som ämnar ändra på djurens underordnade ställning hanterar begrepp som är kopplade till det mänskliga och begrepp som ställs i motsättning till det mänskliga enligt traditionella dikotomier. Undersökningen visar att det i huvudsak finns två sätt att hantera bärande begrepp.

The aim of this study was to describe how body language of humans affects the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and how it can be implanted in the stressed situation that occur at an animal hospital. The subject is brought to notice because the author has experienced that dogs can get more stressed when a stressed and nervous owner is attending. Humans affect each other through posture, facial expression, voice and movement, and are often driven by their emotions, which can differentiate the verbal communication from the non-verbal communication. This occurs both consciously and unconsciously. Every human uses body language but not everyone knows how it is used or how to understand it.

Intramuscular injections to cats can generate strong reactions in some individuals while reactions of the same extent, according to the author, not always are recognized when using the subcutaneous route. The reactions are probably caused by fear, stress and/or pain. When the injection can generate pain one has to take that into account, which can be a limitation in treatment. It is well known that injections generate pain, but knowledge about the cause and processes of the injection-associated pain is limited. This is mainly due to the difficulty in finding objects to study pain on, high cost of use of laboratory animals and difficulty to obtain objective measurements. Although there is evidence that there may be a local muscle injury by intramuscular injection, it is not always that the extent of damage is related to the pain experienced. Facts about the causes of injection-associated pain have been studied in a literature review.

All over the world the urbanisation increases at the expense of green areas. Many plants and animals are endangered today because their habitats gets smaller or disappear. The green areas that are left in city centres and suburbs are often small and surrounded by roads and buildings. Despite this, several studies have shown that these small green areas may house large biological diversity.This project aims to study the biological diversity in small green patches in residential areas. The study has been carried out in Råsunda in Solna municipality (Stockholm county) during the period May?July 2006.Three equivalent areas (5000?10 000 m2) with quite many old oaks were chosen for the study and inventoried for birds and saproxylic insects.

All over the world the urbanisation increases at the expense of green areas. Many plants and animals are endangered today because their habitats gets smaller or disappear. The green areas that are left in city centres and suburbs are often small and surrounded by roads and buildings. Despite this, several studies have shown that these small green areas may house large biological diversity.This project aims to study the biological diversity in small green patches in residential areas. The study has been carried out in Råsunda in Solna municipality (Stockholm county) during the period May?July 2006.Three equivalent areas (5000?10 000 m2) with quite many old oaks were chosen for the study and inventoried for birds and saproxylic insects.

We were accepted to the field study Dignity and therefore chose to write our thesis in connection with it. Our subject is the oasis of Siwa in Egypt. The society has long been isolated, and therefore, the city has been able to preserve their handicraft methods and values. We chose to study the Ecological and Handicraft Development Center, which is a newly opened center for craft production. We wanted to see how the centre could use storytelling as a marketing strategy.

Using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model, ICBM, five different crop rotations with rye 1. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Beans-Rye 2. Rye-Rye-Rapeseed-Rapeseed 3. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Potatoes-Rye 4. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Wheat 5. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Beans-Wheat-Rye-Potatoes-Rapeseed were tested theoretically in four different cultivation scenarios ? Straw left on the field, biogas digestate added as fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw+BD?. ? Straw left on the field, only synthetic fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw-BD?. ? Straw harvested, biogas digestate added as fertilizer.