Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken betydelse sällskapsdjur har för den äldre människans livskvalité och omvårdnad. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med femton studier med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen gjordes i databasen ELIN och PubMed och genom manuell sökning av tidsskrifter. Huvudresultat: På ett äldreboende visade en studie att kanariefågel ökade livskvalitén, den självupplevda psykiska statusen och känslan av autonomi. Sociala interaktioner ökade i samband med Animal Assisted Activity och gav andra diskussionsämnen än de egna sjukdomarna.

Genom tiderna har det funnits ett särskilt band mellan människan och sällskapsdjuret. Forskning tyder på att denna relation bär med sig åtskilliga fördelar för människan. I den här studien undersöks vad hästen och hunden upplevs ha för inverkan på människan. I studien intervjuades 15 kvinnor som har djurrelaterade yrken. Nio beskrev hundens inverkan och sex beskrev hästens.

Hunden är människans bästa vän, men det är först på senare tid som hundens hälsoeffekter har börjat undersökas. Internationellt sätt används hundar i vården i en helt annan utsträckning än i Sverige. Hälsoeffekter i form av kortare vårdtid, snabbare rehabilitering och bättre egenvård har påvisats. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patientens upplevelser av hundens närvaro i vårdandet. Studien var en litteraturstudie med 15 vetenskapliga artiklar.

It is often challenging to create a new enrichment program for any animal. This is especially true with the additional challenge that I wanted to use only naturalistic enrichment, and I?m working with animals some of which are nocturnal. Even with a many hurdles, a little bit of enrichment can do a big difference and make a big difference in activity levels of the animals. Eskilstuna parkens zoo have a house called the MUSeum housing four kinds of rodents.

This study is set out to examine if there is any kind of influence between the EU and Swedish gender policy. More specific the Swedish efforts within the gender policy area, especially in the area of social policy and employment, during the Swedish presidency in the Council of Ministers 2001. And also to examine the impact of Europeanization in Swedish gender policy. We have decided to delimit our study to care of elderly and children when it comes to the area of social policy. We are using a descriptive, examining qualitative method.

Tolerance and resistance are two different defence mechanisms within the immune system that differ from each other in many ways: However it is not clear which of the two is the most advantageous in dairy production. Resistance is described as the ability to fight a pathogen in a host. Tolerance is, on the other hand, not aggressive to the pathogen per se, but rather protects the host and its tissues. Furthermore tolerance rather offsets the toxin from, for example, a parasite whilst resistance offsets the parasite itself. Resistance is however disease specific, which means breeding for a large number of diseases is needed in order to make resistance worth the cost for the host.

The trotting in Sweden has a good reputation in an international view, both in the perspective of success and how the sport is managed with focus on security, animal protection and animal welfare. A large number of equipment details are fitted on the horses during training and competition. The Swedish law of prevention of cruelty to animals regulate training and competition with racehorses, and propose to protect horses from unnecessary suffering. The equipment permitted in races is regulated in Tävlingsreglementet (The Regulation of Competititon) and in the regulations of equipment, that the Nordic Regulation Committee and Nordic Animal Welfare Committee have worked out. Due to training and competition the equipment must even meet the Swedish law of prevention of cruelty to animals. However, the behaviour or the senses of the horses is often affected by the equipment due to the way the equipment corrects, modifies, restrains or reduces the behaviour of the horse, which may cause the horse stress or discomfort.

Bakgrund: Antalet patienter med ångest ökar och orsakar ofta ett lidande för patienten. Sjuksköterskan har omvårdnadsansvar att lindra detta lidande. Olika djurterapier förekommer i vården för att behandla olika besvär, till exempel Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) och Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT).Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken påverkan djur har på patienters ångest. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie baserad på kvantitativa studier(n=12).Resultat: I samtliga studier framkom en sänkning av ångest vid djurterapier och i sju av studierna var det en statistiskt säkerställd sänkning. Resultatet visar främst en sänkning hos patienter som vårdas inom psykiatrin men även patienter inom den somatiska vården påverkades positivt av djuren.Diskussion: En sänkning av patienternas ångest visar att djur inom vården har en lugnande inverkan.

C-uppsatsen behandlar ämnet Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT). Författarens Syfte är att ge en översikt av Arbetsformen AAT samt teoretisk och vetenskaplig bakgrund. Övergripande frågeställning är: Kan husdjur/hundar användas som medhjälpare i terapeutiskt arbete? Underliggande frågeställningar är: Vilka för- och nackdelar kan finnas med att använda husdjur/hundar som medhjälpare i terapeutiskt arbete?, Finns det vetenskaplig grund för att använda husdjur/hundar som medhjälpare i terapeutiskt arbete?, Vilka teorier ligger till grund för att använda husdjur/hundar som medhjälpare i terapeutiskt arbete?Metoden är en kvalitativ, explorativ och kombinatorisk översikt av material om AAT, bandet mellan djur och människa samt vetenskapliga resultat om detta.Teoretiskt anknyter uppsatsen till etologi. Författaren tar upp Darwins teori om det naturliga urvalet tillsammans med Lorenz teorier om instinkter och prägling, Bowlbys bindningsteori och Ainsworths teori om modern som barnets trygga bas.Uppsatsen behandlar hundens kvaliteter och fördelar som therapet (medhjälpare i terapi), nackdelar och fördelar med AAT som behandlingsform samt metoder för testning och träning av therapets.Mina slutsatser pekar på att AAT är ett bra alternativ och/eller komplement till andra terapeutiska behandlingsformer.

The castration of piglets is performed routinely all around the world. Most castrations are done without anaesthesia and analgesia, despite the fact that this procedure has been proved to induce acute pain and stress for the piglets. The procedure regarding castration of piglets is currently a hot topic of debate and an important political issue. The underlying issue is the boar taint which are highlighted in the heating of the meat after slaughter, which in turn can lead to reduced meat sales as it can be perceived as unpleasant for many consumers. The purpose of this study is to examine alternative drugs which may be selected in order to replace the practice of castration of piglets without anaesthesia, in light of improved animal welfare.

The Animal Protection Agency was in 2006, commissioned by the Government to: Evaluate how free range animals in the winter, can be kept and managed with special emphasis to animal welfare. The Animal Protection Agency was closed later in 2006 and the commission moved to the Swedish Board of Agriculture. The keeping of free range out wintered cattle, certain basic requirement are needed: by regulation, cattle should have access to a lying hall or other building that gives protection against aversive weather and wind and should offer a dry and clean lying area. There is a possibility for farmers that get an exemption from this regulation. But cases regarding farms which have had difficulties for this exemption has led to a discussion about if the animals can get the same protection in the nature which is comparable to a lying- hall.

The purpose with this essay was to analyse the view of parental leave in the public and private labour market. How does the economical compensation affect the parent's use of parental leave, with focus on the fathers "earmarked" months? Were there any differences in private companies and public organisations? We chose to look at past research and theories about father/men's usage of "60 day parental leave" from a point of gender and equality perspective. In regard to our questions we preformed qualitative, semi structural interviews. We picked people at random to interview at both private companies and public organisations that had or had not extra economical compensations except what the social insurance office paid during parental leave.

Hospital records of 32 non-racehorses referred to Skara Animal Hospital and Halland Animal Hospital, Sweden, between January 1995 and September 2001 for intraarticular fractures of the third phalanx, were reviewed, and follow-up information on final outcome was collected to determine whether any injury or treatment factors could be associated with the outcome. Mean age of the horses was 8.3 years (range, 1-20 years), and follow-up time ranged from 1 to 7 years after injury. In 11 (34%) of the horses, injury involved the front limbs. Twenty-two (69%) horses returned to their original level of use. There was no statistically significant correlation between outcome and elapsed time from injury to treatment, treatment variables, or bony union in the present study.

Extensively kept animals for meat production have the right to live in a good environment. Cattle (Bos Taurus) as social animals live in small herds in the wild. When holding animals extensively new problems have arisen regarding human ? animal interactions. One welfare problem is to be able to come close enough to the animals to investigate their health condition.

The purpose of this degree project is to study a work evaluation project in a municipality, on the basis of key participants. The municipality is the employer, per-forming the workplace project and the chief objective is to reach gender equality between the employees. Equal pay for equal work. Through work evaluation is it pos-sible to find out which of a lot of different jobs, which have equal requirements. The jobs, which have equal requirements, should have equal pay.