Haemonchus contortus is the most important bloodsucking gastrointestinal nematode in small ruminants worldwide. It is often controlled by anthelmintics. Even though other methods to control are available, the most efficient way to treat an animal with clinically manifested haemonchosis is to use one of the available broad spectrum anthelmintics: benzimidazoles (BZ), macrocyclic lactones (ML) or imidothiazoles-tetrahydropyromidines or the narrow spectrum drugs salisylanilides or nitrophenols. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) against all groups of anthelmintics in nematode parasites has been reported from many countries, and even multiple AR has been observed. In this study I have investigated the resistance levels to all major classes of broad spectrum anthelmintics in a naturally infected flock of sheep of Red Maasai sheep (RM), Dorper sheep (D) and their offsprings on a research farm in Kenya.

In the dairy production it is necessary to be able to sort cows. Dairy cows are sorted for many different reasons i.e. regrouping into production strings or for treatments i.e. inseminations, pregnancy and health checks, vaccinations or hoof trimmings. One labour saving way of conducting sorting is by using an automatic sort gate.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite causing diarrhoea in many different animal species including cattle and man. It is an important enteric pathogen in neonatal calves and it is the second most common pathogen found in diarrhoeic calves in Sweden. Subclinically infected adult cattle have, in international studies, been shown to shed a low number of oocysts in faeces and this has been recognised as a potential source of infection for new-born calves. The detection methods used for diagnostic purposes are based on microscopic investigation of faecal smears. These methods have a fairly low sensitivity and samples from subclinically infected cattle have to be concentrated before analysis.

The agricultural sector has historically seen stable prices and a relatively constant demand for its products. Companies within the sector have generally had few loans and large sums of money tied in assets. The profitability of the companies has on the other hand been low. Together these circumstances have determined the creditors? demands on the companies within the sector and have formed the rules and regulations that exist today.

Healthy calves are the foundation in order to run a profitable diary production. Being healthy as calf results in a better start in life and good growth is expected to follow. Within dairy production it becomes more common to rear calves in groups and feed them by an automatic milk feeder. The milk feeder enables for the calves in greater extent to ingest milk or milk replacer several times per day and they are also able to perform natural behaviors in greater extent. Group rearing of calves puts higher demands on the animal keepers to localize individual calves in the group pen, showing signs of illness.

Bakgrund: Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) är då djur ingår i behandlingsprogram med mål att förbättra fysisk och psykisk hälsa hos patienter med till exempel demens. Vård vid demenssjukdom skall bygga på ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt för att främja välmående eller livskvalitet hos den som blir vårdad. Verksam personal kan i viss utsträckning göra en bedömning av patientens observerade livskvalitet genom exempelvis bedöma smärtuttryck, eller tecken på oro.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka om djurassisterad terapi med hund hade en påverkan i den observerade livskvaliteten hos personer med demenssjukdom.Metod: Litteraturstudie valdes för att skapa en övergripande inblick i det nuvarande forskningsområdet gällande hur personer med demenssjukdom påverkas av AAT i vissa avseenden. Databaser för artikelsökning som användes var CINAHL och PubMed.Nio kvantitativa artiklar valdes ut efter genomförd kvalitetsgranskning där de bedömdes ha antingen medel eller hög kvalitet. De valdes ut på kriterierna att de var skrivna på engelska, kvantitativa, var tillgängliga via Uppsala universitets sökmotor, kostnadsfria samt publicerade efter 1990.

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the possibility to use sampling of faeces, urine and plasma, and measurements of blood pressure as methods of discovering hypomagnesemia in horses, as well as the application handiness of these methods. The most commonly used method of checking the magnesium status of a horse is to analyze samples of serum or plasma. The trial was of a switch-back design, in which the horses were used as their own controls. The animal material was five Swedish warm blooded trotters between six to ten years old, and weighing between 485-620 kg. The trial consisted of three periods that were two months each.

SUMMARY This pilot study tried to answer the question however the present animal welfare regulations for horses regarding lying hall area requirements are adequate for horses older than 24 months. The study was carried out at one of the largest stud farms for standard bred horses in Sweden. Mares in late pregnancy with an initial mean age of 10 years was used in a behaviour study. The influence of varying space per animal in a loose-housing system on behaviours like the horses' lying hall use, standing, resting, moving behaviour and threats was studied. The behaviour at three different horse densities ? 18 mares, 13 mares and 8 mares (7.4 m2, 10.3 m2 and 16.7 m2 per mare, respectively) ? was recorded by use of video.

SAMMANFATTNING Uppskattningsvis transporteras 171 miljoner grisar inom EU varje år, varav ca 3,5 miljoner i Sverige. Grisarna kommer, under hela förloppet från förflyttningen från box i stallet till bedövningen i slakteriet, att utsättas för stressande moment. Orsakerna är bland annat omgrupperingar, nya miljöer, vibrationer i bilen samt, speciellt under sommaren, värmestress. Temperaturen i djurtransportbilen är en nyckelfaktor som dessutom kan förstärka effekten av andra stressorer. Lastning i höga temperaturer ökar risken för värmestress. Värmestress innebär att djuren får allt svårare att avge sin värme. Även den relativa luftfuktigheten har betydelse, framförallt vid temperaturer över 30°C. Det är ventilationen i transportbilen som ska transportera bort värme och fukt från bilen.

This work focuses on the relation between human and animals and especially on the relation between horses and human. I have brought up the human och horse relationsship, today, and in history and wrote about the behaviour of the horse. Some older studies with human and animal interaction, including animals like dog and cattle are discussed. I have also discussed physiological parameters that might influence the bond and the interaction between human and horse and some critical aspects concerning the methodology when studying this kind of physiology. The purpose of the experimental study was to analyze if common management routines and grooming of horses increases horses interest in making contact with humans. Many horse owners feel that they have a good connection with their horse and factors that can influence the relationsship could be physical contact, feeding or some challange that make the horse trust the human.

When grains of wheat and rye are conventionally milled, large quantities of bran classified as by-products are left and are mainly used for animal feed. Bran is a complex material composed of the aleurone layer, nucellar epidermis, a seed coat, a fruit coat and a small proportion of the germ and endosperm depending on extraction rate. The bran fraction consists of approximately 40-50 % dietary fibre which can contribute to increase the nutritional quality of human cereal food. It would also be valuable for the food industry to convert by-products as bran to products with higher commercial values. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the content and composition of dietary fibre of heat treated wheat and rye bran according to the Uppsala method with some modifications in order to analyse soluble and insoluble dietary fibre separately. Half of the bran samples were precooked, dried and roasted and the other half dried and roasted (uncooked).

Lately the popularity to keep different species of dwarf hamsters has increased in Sweden. The requirements of the Swedish legislation to keep hamsters as pets are low which could be a reason for the increasing popularity. Hamsters are in nature generally nocturnal and can travel far distances to find food sources during their active part of the day. Their eyesight is poor, but is compensated by their well-developed hearing and olfaction. ?Run about balls? are made of plastic and the hamster is placed inside it where after the ball is placed on the floor and the hamster can then run protected outside the cage.

To be a farmer and have suckler cows is a difficult combination especially considering the economy. Because of the increased feed costs, the margins have become tighter. The meat price from beef cattle has increased a little when this text is written (spring, 2008), but not so much that it covers the cost for feed etc. I have a small suckler cow production on approximately 30 cows and 2 bulls plus followers as a part-time business. The herd is tied in the old dairy stable built in the late seventies.

Post-anaesthetic myopathy (PAM) is a serious occasional complication of general anaesthesia in horses. It causes not only pain and suffering to the horse, but also suffering (trauma) to the owner with increased veterinary costs. In the worst case PAM can be fatal. The anaesthetic nurse must know which parameters have to be taken into consideration in the prevention of PAM, to be able to prevent it, and use that knowledge for the animals safety. The aim of this literature review was to investigate and make a presentation of the factors and measurements associated with PAM, with focus on how to monitor these measurements to prevent it from happening, and the advice a Veterinary nurse can give to the horse owner regarding this condition. According to literature there a few factors that greatly increase the risk of PAM, these include- hypotension, periods less than 60 mmHg significantly increases the risk.

Förlossningssvårigheter förekommer hos ca 16 % av alla dräktiga tikar. Av dessa behandlas de flesta kirurgiskt med kejsarsnitt. Inom kirurgin används vanligen NSAID-preparat (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) vid smärtlindring som till exempel carprofen (Rimadyl® vet). I FASS vet anges dock att carprofen inte ska ges till dräktiga eller lakterande tikar eftersom det för djurslaget hund saknas vetenskaplig dokumentation över i vilken grad carprofen passerar ut i mjölken. Hos nötkreatur däremot finns studier som visar att substansen övergår i så ringa grad i mjölken att nivåerna kan vara svåra att detektera.