Musik är något som påverkar alla på ett eller annat sätt och har använts i terapeutiskt syfte sedan 1500 f. Kr. Även om den har en lång historia är den ändå inte allmänt vedertagen som en omvårdnadsåtgärd. Nästan varje dag möter sjuksköterskor patienter som i varierande grad upplever oro. Tidigare forskning visar att musik har inverkan på oro, men det är inte mycket beskrivet om sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda musik som en komplementär omvårdnadsåtgärd vid oro och hur musiken påverkar sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö.

The purpose of the essay is to, in retrospect, take a closer look at how the young people experienced their placement for assessment at Albogården and what it resulted in. With this purpose I inadvertently came to look at other aspects, for instance their lives before and after the placement.The underlying questions were:* The young people social situations before the placement?* The experience of being locked up?* What was it like being analysed?* What are the young people's thoughts on the methods of working at Albogården - rules, procedures, methods etc.?* What were the results from the placement at Albogården? Did something change in the young people's social situations?To answer my questions I interviewed four persons that previously were placed for assessment. To ascertain information on how the assessment is done I also interviewed the director of Albogården. I also studied relevant literature.The investigation showed that a majority of the young people didn't understand the purpose or felt participant in the assessment, being restless and locked up felt extremely arduous and violating.

Inspired by the article Special support on dubious grounds published in Teachers News (2010), we chose to examine the methods and procedures regarding acting out children without diagnosis. In preliminary work, we discussed the various forms and causes of acting out behavior among children in preschool and supervision and conflict management. The topic seemed relevant since we on several occasions experienced a feeling of inadequacy and lack of knowledge in our educational role both in teacher training placement time and during our working years as supply teacher and graduated child minders. Based on our past experiences and interests of acting out children without the diagnosis, work limited extent and time aspect for the course of the work we chose to only interview three pedagogues. Through the interviews, we wanted to compare these three pedagogues description of their work around acting out children without diagnosis in relation to accepted theories such as structure and clarity.

When producing an interview report the researcher is put to the test of describing the qualitative interview method in terms of assumed orderly steps and procedures taken during the interview process, while at the same time account for a very social dynamic process. In practice, even the most carefully prepared scenario for a qualitative interview study probably does not correspond to the expectations made. What happens between the plans and the actual interview itself? This issue is investigated by contrasting the actual engagement of the participants in an interview project to how these relationships are accounted for in Master thesis from the Swedish School of Library- and Information Science in Borås. Theory and methodology from Actor Network Theory (ANT) have been applied into the area of qualitative interviews.

The aim of this literature review was to discern which legislations and regulations related to animal welfare that comprises reindeer and their significance in reindeer husbandry. The Swedish Animal Welfare Act (1988:534) was enacted July 1, 1988 and its main purpose is to ensure a good animal health and environment. Animals that live in a good environment with good health is considered to have good welfare, which can be described as an individual's condition in relation to its surroundings. Reindeer herding is an extensive form without daily management. In reindeer husbandry there are eight specific seasons over the year and reindeer are handled as they migrates between pastures, get earmarks, are sorted for transport and slaughter.

Here is presented the result and discussion of a survey concerning the psychosocial environment in a school in the vicinity of Stockholm. The theoretical background of this study was the model of demand-control by Theorell, and various aspects of stress by Frankenhauser and Ödman. The survey was constituted of an inquiry form which was handed out to six different classes at the school. A total of 86 students filled in the form, and their answers were treated with standard statistical procedures to reveal the results. The inquiry form was made up by five parts; one that concerned the background of the respondent, one that reflected the psychosocial health and stress level and three parts that concerned discrimination, victimization and school democracy.

It's an everyday experience shared by many that nature can be of help in relieving pain, reducing stress, support mental recovery etc. In the last three decades or so this experience has also found support in a large number of scientific investigations. Among other things the experience of nature has been shown to reduce stress and pain in patients and to boost concentration and reduce impulsive behavior in children. Most of this research however has mainly been concerned with the visual modality. In this thesis the aim has been to focus on the auditory modality in this context by trying to reveal some effects on people from the exposure of nature sounds played indoors in three different environments: a grammar school class room, a kindergarten play room and a post-surgery wake up room at an intensive care unit.

Kemikalier hanteras i det dagliga arbetet ombord. Syftet med den här studien var att ta reda på hur kemikalier hanteras ombord på en svensk passagerarfärja. Frågeställningarna koncentrerades på produkt- och metodval, kommunikation och tillämpning av rutiner och instruktioner samt riskmedvetenhet hos besättningen. Studien genomfördes som en enfallsstudie och bestod av dokumentanalyser, observationer och intervjuer med besättningsmedlemmar. Resultatet visar att informanterna på däcks- och maskinavdelningarna hade stora möjligheter att påverka arbetssituationen vad gäller hantering av kemikalier till skillnad från informanten på intendenturavdelningen som enbart hade begränsad möjlighet att påverka.

Control and comparison of various cleaning methods on restaurants in Södra RoslagenThe purpose of this report is to find out and analyze the efficiency of cleaning methods in restaurant kitchens. The investigation was carried out through unannounced inspections at 89 restaurants in Södra Roslagen (municipality of Danderyd, Täby and Vaxholm). ATP-measuring was done on a plate, a knife, a bench surface and a cutting board. The ATP-method measured the amount of food residue on equipment and working surfaces after cleaning, with a luminometer and swabs. Restaurant staffs were asked to describe in detail how and when the last cleaning was carried out on the surface.

BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia.

AbstractTime after time the world is struck by humanitarian catastrophes, whether it is through a war or a natural disaster. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have a functional and effective aid, as it is a matter of life and death. Thereby the actions of the humanitarian aid organizations are interesting. The investigation treats the three specific organizations Star of Hope, Sida and the Red Cross movement and the process from decision to action in times of war. The organizations are different from one another in many areas.

Syfte: Sammanställa och granska studier gällande postoperativ behandling vid ruptur av ligament patella. Detta för att beskriva effekt och kvalitet på studier om postoperativ behandling.Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie valdes som design, med sökorden: patellar ligament, patellar tendon, rupture, knee injuries, surgery. Av totalt 1240 träffar valdes 13 relevanta artiklar publicerade mellan 1999-2013 efter sökningar i databaserna PubMed, PEDro, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus och AMED. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades enligt PEDro scale.Resultat: Två postoperativa behandlingar beskrevs, tidig och sen mobilisering. Antingen placeras knäleden i ett stabiliserande knäskydd som till en början låser knäleden i full extension eller så påbörjas tidig mobilisering av den opererade knäleden.

Trycksa?r a?r ett fo?rekommande problem inom den kirurgiska omva?rdnaden som leder till o?kade va?rd- och samha?llskostnader samt ett o?kat lidande fo?r patienten. Det a?r av stor vikt att va?rdpersonalen arbetar fo?rebyggande fo?r att motverka uppkomsten av trycksa?r samt att i god tid uppta?cka om ett trycksa?r har uppsta?tt.Syftet med denna studie var att underso?ka trycksa?rsincidens efter la?ngvarig neurokirurgisk kirurgi, identifiera vart trycksa?ren uppsta?r och om de kunde kopplas till riskfaktorer.Metoden som valdes var en kvantitativ prospektiv kohortstudiedesign fo?r att resultatet skulle kunna anva?ndas i den peroperativa och postoperativa omva?rdnaden. Hudkostymen inspekterades tva? ga?nger postoperativt pa? tjugoen patienter.Resultatet visade att 76 % av studiedeltagarna hade trycksa?r efter operation och det vanligaste fo?rekommande omra?det var ha?larna.

The first aim of this study is to examine what the differences are between the Classic directive (directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts) and the Revised Classic directive (directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC) when it comes to social considerations in public procurement. The second aim is to examine if the revision of the directive has solved the prior existing problems regarding social considerations in public procurement. In this paper a traditional European legal method is used. The examinations show a number of things, including the Revised Classic directive involving codification of case law, references to other sources of law and some clarified rules as well as new provisions. The regulations regarding reserved contracts, technical specifications, and selection criterion are satisfied in the Revised Classic directive.

The aim of this study is to illustrate conceptions held by librarians and library and information scientists about weeding practices of printed books in public libraries. The study has been carried out by performing a series of qualitative interviews with librarians and by study of earlier research relating to the subject of weeding. The results have been analysed by utilizing a textual analysis method called idea and ideology analysis using so called dimensions to analyse and structure the results. The results indicate that weeding at Swedish public libraries is carried out by a mixture of objective and subjective methods, with certain statistical elements. Weeding procedures mainly appears to be legitimized according to what one refers to as knowledge of the local community, although lack of lending are cited from time to time.