In this work we have compiled results from various studies concerning medical conditions that may possibly be avoided by castration and the effects that may occur after castration of the healthy bitch. The work is a literature review but it also includes a summary on the age recommendations for castration of the healthy bitch, castration before or after the first heat and the castration method most commonly used of ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy. The summary is based on a questionnaire answered by personnel from 20 veterinary clinics and animal hospitals evenly distributed throughout Sweden.The summary showed that ovariohysterectomy was the most common method of castration and the recommendation in age ranged from 6-12 months. Regarding castration before or after the first heat 75% of the veterinary clinics and animal hospitals answered that they recommended castration after the first heat. Literature study shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages of castration of the healthy bitch and that it therefore is important that each bitch get a personal and individual evaluation before a decision is taken concerning a castration..

Utvecklingen inom ambulanssjukvården de senaste decennierna har varit omfattande och står idag för både avancerad sjukvård utanför sjukhuset och transporten av dessa patienter till sjukhus. Fler vårdkedjor startas vilket innebär att mer vård utförs på plats hos patienten, efter det transporteras patienten direkt till behandlande specialistavdelning, utan att fördröjas på akutmottagningen. Denna utveckling ställer ökade krav på fler specialistutbildade ambulanssjuksköterskor. Det är ofta snabba och svåra beslut som skall tas och felaktiga beslut kan ge svåra konsekvenser för patienten.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva förändringar i tid med och utan prehospital omvårdnad för patienter med bröstsmärtor i ett treårsperspektiv.Metod: Studien var retrospektiv med en komparativ design. Data från januari under 2009-2011 samlades in i form av ärenderapporter från SOS-alarm, som sedan jämfördes med varandra.Resultat: I studien ingick 254 patienter.

Att som ambulanssjuksköterska behandla patienter med hypoglykemi i hemmet är en vanlig åtgärd, i relation till den ökade belastningen på akutmottagningarna är det viktigt att kunna identifiera vilka patienter som behöver transporteras in till sjukhus. De flesta av patienterna vill stanna kvar i hemmet efter behandling, att vara medveten om vilka potentiella risker som finns om patienten stannar kvar hemma kan göra att det är lättare att bedöma vilken patient som bör åka med till sjukhus.Syftet med denna studie är att belysa riskerna med att patienter som behandlas för hypoglykemi kvarstannar i hemmet. Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna PubMed samt Cinahl. Dessa sökningar resulterade i fyra artiklar som inkluderades i resultatet.Under analysen av artiklarna framkom två problemområden, risk för återkommande hypoglykemi samt bristande uppföljning. För att kunna identifiera de patienterna som har ökad risk för återkommande hypoglykemi krävs en adekvat bedömning av sjuksköterskan samt att det finns beslutsstöd till hjälp.

This hermeneutic case study examines how and why an insurance company?s output has been affected by a CEO-succession. The authors pay specific attention to three activities; changes in personnel and organization structure, handling of media and change in customer focus. It is shown that the CEO was able to influence the company?s activities and this discretion was primarily created through her relational capacity.

This hermeneutic case study examines how and why an insurance company?s output has been affected by a CEO-succession. The authors pay specific attention to three activities; changes in personnel and organization structure, handling of media and change in customer focus. It is shown that the CEO was able to influence the company?s activities and this discretion was primarily created through her relational capacity.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer brings fear into many womens? life. It is a threat against life, but also to the psychological health, self-esteem and the female identity. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe newly breast cancer patient?s perception of information provided by healthcare personnel.

ABSTRACTTitle: Challenges in the implementation of internal marketing in the real estate brokerage businessLevel: Bachelor, Business AdministrationAuthor: Markus BylundAnna IsakssonSupervisor: Agneta SundströmDate: 2013, MayIntroduction: For businesses to succeed and to get satisfied customers, they need to meet their expectations. The companies make promises to customers through external marketing, internal marketing needs to ensure that personnel have the tools required to deliver what is promised. Competition is increasing and hence the customer requirements have to be met. Through the implementation of internal marketing, companies can strengthen staff skills and motivation to perform a more committed and effective work, both internal and during customer contacts.Aim: The aim of this paper is to understand the implementation and the importance of internal marketing in service companies. Through our in-depth knowledge of the subject, from a theoretical and practical perspective, we will hopefully be able to convey the challenges businesses face when implementing internal marketing.Method: This paper is to achieve a greater understanding of the studied subject.

This is a study about how different digital instruments can be used in education for pupils with autism and intellectual disability. The questions formulated to research this chosen area was: ?What does teachers think about digital instruments and interactive teaching materials when it comes to benefits and disadvantages in the classroom?, ?In what ways is digital instruments used as teaching materials in the specific school context? and ?From a perspective of teaching and learning, what kind of problems and opportunities can be gained from using digital instruments and teaching materials?. To gather this information interviews was done with three specialist pedagogues working with the chosen group of pupils at three different schools. The material shows that the specialist pedagogues have positive attitudes towards working with digital instruments in this specific group of students..

AbstractThis is a qualitative study on what motivates personnel to apply for middle management positions within the Värmland County Police Department. This study also looks at whether or not there are differences in motivation between men and women in regards to applying for middle management positions.The study has been conducted through in-depth interviews with 17 employees of the Police Department. The material collected was analysed using the Empirical Phenomenological Method (EPP). 29 categories were generated which were then divided into four themes.The result showed that motivation can be achieved by having a more structured middle management roll whereby, for example, there are clear guidelines on the responsibility and authority you have. Support and encouragement were also named as motivating factors.

Att insjukna i sepsis kan vara livshotande och leda till sjuklighet och nedsatt livskvalité samt långa vårdtider och dyra vårdkostnader för sjukvården. Forskning visar att dödligheten ökar ju längre tid det tar innan behandling sätts in. Trots detta finns det ett behov av att förbättra identifieringen av sepsis. Det finns en mängd studier om sepsis, men det finns få som belyser patienters upplevelse av att insjukna i sepsis. Ambitionen med denna studie är att bidra till att minska denna kunskapslucka.Studiens syfte är att undersöka patienters upplevelser av att insjukna i sepsis.

Bakgrund: I över ett halvt sekel har rökningens skadeverkningar varit kända, menfortfarande är det många i alla befintliga samhälls- och åldersgrupper som röker. En rökarebörjar ofta med detta tidigt i livet och rökningen vidmakthålls med påverkan från inre ochyttre faktorer. Rökning är det största förebyggbara folkhälsoproblemet och orsakar en storsjukdomsbörda trots en minskning av rökning nationellt i Sverige och globalt den senastetiden. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att beskriva mindfulness, medveten närvaro, ochdess inverkan vid rökavvänjning. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie där vetenskapliga artiklaranalyserats och essensen av resultat sammanställts och ordnats i teman.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate different methods do measure velocity of pistons in pneumatic cylinders at Bosch Rexroth Teknik AB. Through information of velocity the adjustment of a cylinders damping can be done easier.A future transducer will be used by salesmen, service personnel and customers. This requires a sensor that is easy to apply and use. It is also desirable that the sensor is cheap. A number of possible methods to measure velocity have been presented.

Since companies have realised the importance of customer loyalty and since the service sector has gained higher significance in recent years, we found it interesting to study what leads to customer loyalty in service companies. The theories we have chosen to consider are customer loyalty, service quality, service guarantees, affinity marketing, loyalty programmes and customer clubs, the customer in focus and other factors that influences customer loyalty. To find out how service companies are working with cus- tomer loyalty, we have conducted a case study within three service companies. Our findings are that customer loyalty has a significant importance for the companies we studied. Quality and personnel were the factors we found had the greatest impact in service companies concerning customer loyalty.

Quality is the main focus in management of all laboratories. Accurate results of the analyses are not only determined by the analytical procedure but also by preanalytical factors. In the total analytical process of clinical specimens, there are many possible preanalytical sources of error. Monetoring of temperature on test samples of the transport boxes is one way to reduce the mistakes in the preanalytical phase.In this study, four laboratories from primary health care were invited to participate. The temperature has been measured on test samples of the transport boxes being delivered to the laboratory.In three cases the temperature remained within the limits, but in the fourth case the temperature varied more than the allowed interval.

The aim of this paper is to examine how the design of management control in a retail trade company affects motivation among its employees. Our purpose is to identify what actions create motivation and how management can benefit by developing and promoting such activity from its high-performing employees. Motivated personnel have become increasingly important in companies today, and companies are increasingly reliant on individual employees? capabilities. The study covers all parts of the management control system, to see how these align to create goal congruence in an organizational context.