Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att ha ett barn som är homosexuellt; hur man tänkte och kände när man fick vetskap om barnets läggning och hur man upplever det idag. Författarens utgångspunkt är att det heteronormativa samhälle har betydelse för vår syn på homosexualitet och för hur föräldrar reagerar när deras barn kommer ut som homosexuellt. Metoden som använts är semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ, tematisk ansats. Majoriteten av föräldrarna i undersökningen beskriver att beskedet om deras barns homosexualitet väckte både sorg och rädsla och för ungefär hälften av dem kom det som en fullständig chock. Med tiden har de svåra känslorna avtagit i styrka och flera föräldrar rapporterar att deras barns homosexualitet har lett till att de själva har mognat som människor och kommit närmare sina barn.

Our study aims to investigate whether resilient children share common factors that could explain them not following the expected course of development for said group. The study also sets out to explore which strategies resilient children implement in order to cope with their situation.The study is based on the following questions:How do resilient children describe their experiences from growing up with parents with substance abuse problems? What risk and protective factors do they mention in their biographies?We use the system theory and Goffman's dramaturgic perspective as analytical tools.  The system theory could help us see the family as a system, while Goffman's theory might help us understand how resilient children find different strategies, and why they implement these strategies, to hide their family problems.The results show that the most important factors with a positive effect on resilient children were: to have somebody else important in their lives, to have goals in life, to have a safe haven, to think independently and to develop a high level of independence early in life..

In the year 1783 a fissure eruption from Laki in the southern part of Iceland produced a large amount of volcanic gases during a period of eight months. The volcanic gases and aerosols spread across the northern hem sphere due to ideal weather conditions and had a substantial impact on the environment, human health and also climate effects. This, so called dry fog, caused severe health problems, which led to death casualties, killing animals, crops and other vegetation. The consequence was a widespread famine which was aggravated by a hard and long winter in 1783/84. Analysis shows that the Icelandic volcanoes are the primary risk to produce dry fog that can affect Sweden.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of deliberate self-harm in a Swedish University population.Method: A random sample of first year students at University of Kalmar was invited to participate in an Internet-based survey in the autumn of 2007. A total of 139 (53,1 %) completed the anonymous survey.Results: The results showed that 25,2 % (n=35) of the students reported having engaged in some kind of deliberate self-harm at least once, and deliberate self-harm was endorsed by 7,9 % within the past year. The most frequently procedures to self-harm were to tear, carve or pinch self, cutting skin and hitting self on purpose. 37,1 % reported that they had told no one about their self-injurious behaviors and 36,4 % significantly reported that they had no one they trusted and who they could talk to if they were concerned about something. Students with self-injurious behavior were also more likely to report a history of emotional, sexual and/or physical abuse, alcohol and drug use, cut classes and questioning their sexual orientation.Conclusions: Findings suggest that self-harm is associated with risk factors and that self-injury is not only associated with adolescence but also with adulthood.

Postoperative site infections are the second most common health care associated infection in Sweden. Surgical procedures can lead to postoperative site infection causing great suffer for the patient and an extended care time with an increased cost as a result. In preparation for surgery, it is important that the skin is well prepared with antiseptics to decrease the risk of postoperative site infection. The purpose with this study was to shed light upon the skin preparation before surgery and its significance to postoperative site infection. Ten scientific articles have been scrutinized and compiled and two themes have been identified ? the preoperative and the intraoperative skin preparation.

Solen utstrålar energi och är förutsättningen för allt biologiskt liv på jorden, dessvärre tycks människan sakna respekt gentemot solen och dess ultravioletta strålning. Dessa strålar kan ge upphov till malignt melanom som är den aggressiva formen av hudcancer. Sjukdomen uppkommer i vanliga leverfläckar eller födelsemärken men den kan också börja direkt i huden. Via lymfkärl och blodkärl kan cancercellerna sprida sig till andra ställen i kroppen så kallad metastasering. Detta innebär att malignt melanom är en allvarlig och livshotande sjukdom.

Thisis an experimental study of lipid residues within the field of laboratoryarcheology. Pottery was made in a time like manner and used to cook grain and Icelandmoss and exposed to an organized biodegradation experiment inside an incubatorfor later analyzes with the GC-MS-method. Tests were also taken from pottery,grain and Iceland moss that had not been exposed for a biodegrading attempt.The grain is a domesticated cereal and the Icelandic moss fungi-alga mix. Thetest results showed mostly saturated fatty acids, sterols and monoacylglycerolsof saturated fatty acids. Within the laboratory archeology, ergosterol has beensuggested as a possible biomarker for yeast and alcohol fermentation.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor och i Sverige insjuknar 7000 kvinnor per år. Överlevnaden i bröstcancer har ökat de senaste åren tack vare regelbundna mammografiundersökningar och förbättrade behandlingsformer. Det är vanligt att kvinnor vid diagnosbeskedet upplever starka känsloreaktioner som rädsla och chock.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av att drabbas av bröstcancer.Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Data samlades in genom sju självbiografiska böcker skrivna av kvinnor som drabbats av bröstcancer. Analysen gjordes enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys.Resultat: Det framkom att kvinnor upplevde en förändrad livsvärld då de drabbades av bröstcancer.

Objective: For a long-term and viable economic development to take place in a country it needs to promote creativity and innovation in enterprises. The study applies the process model to study the process of innovation in innovative companies in Sweden. The study also applies the technology commercialization model to indicate the ability of companies to commercialize the technology to the market.Main purpose: The purpose of this work is to study how companies in Sweden proceed with an idea generation and if they manage to commercialize these ideas.Method: This study used a qualitative approach. Multiple case studies & interviews.Conclusion: The innovative ideas in innovative SME:s in Sweden is emerged from randomly events and from systematic developments. Consumer chock is the trigger who draws focus on the idea.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine whether addicted in society maintain their personal dignity. Many studies about this issue have beenfocused on how hard it is to be an addicted, but few have focused on how an addicted handle this situation. Our preconception before this study was that addicts are a stigmatized group not treated with dignity. With this as starting point, our aim has been to let the addicted with their own words describe how they handle their situation and witch strategies they use to uphold their dignity.Method: A qualitative approach is used; we have condicted five semi structured in- depth interviews. The information we have obtained through interviews, we have in the analysis weighed against the theories we believe are relevant to our preconception.We have then categorized the collected information after those themes we found central in the interviews and which we have found can be related to the main questions of this study.Result: The results show many strategies about how people with drug- and alcohol abuse handle their situation.

Abstract Westerholm, I. (2011). Gravidas hälsovanor. Hälsopedagogiska programmet. Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, Högskolan i Gävle.This study aimed to investigate whether pregnant women change their health habits following recommendations and, if so, find out where they get this information from.

The use of intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin G (bensylpenicillin procaine) in the horse is now and then associated with acute adverse reactions (penicillin-chock). The etiology is not yet clearly understood, but the theories are several. One possibility is that it can be caused by procaine toxicity. Procaine penicillin G is a salt which is quickly dissolved in plasma. Procaine is then metabolized by plasmaesterases to non-toxic metabolites, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol.

The objective of this study was trying to understand bullying focusing on the bully. The questions at issue were: What can contribute in the making of a bully? What are the benefits and losses in bullying? What are the former bullies? thoughts on bullying, now in comparison to in their youth. This was investigated with a qualitative approach from a former bullys perspective, hence three former bullies were interviewed. The result was presented in themes and was then analysed from a social psychological and social constructionist perspective.

This study contents a research of the Swedish temperance movements IOGT, NTO and TO:s adult education in Dalarna between 1921 and 1939. A theory that is used in this essay is the publicity theory of Jürgen Habermas. A theory in this essay is that the adult educational work of the temperance movements could bee seen as an alternative publicity because the courses that the temperance movement held in general contents a great part of the movements own literature, the participants in the courses held their own lectures to each other and it was mostly only members of the temperance movements who could join the courses. The main subject of the courses was history in literature, English, Esperanto, and knowledge about local democracy. Not many courses content the drinking issue in Sweden at this time, even thought a national referendum was held in the issue during the research period of this essay.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera faktorer i samband med uppskjutandet av RR 1:00, Koncernredovisning. Metod: Vi har använt oss av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod i vår uppsats. Den kvalitativa metoden representeras av intervjuer med två auktoriserade revisorer och den kvantitativa av en e-postenkät ställd till 50 slumpmässigt utvalda börsnoterade företag. I analysen har vi sedan jämfört våra undersökningsresultat med befintliga rekommendationer och artiklar. Slutsatser: De företag som väntat med tillämpningen av RR 1:00 vann tid att anpassa sig och hade möjlighet att påverka sitt resultat.