Tax revenue is crucial in order for states to survive. States vary a lot in terms of tax revenue however, and different explanations are frequently debated among political scientists. Recently, scholars have argued that the variations in tax revenue among European states today can largely be explained by their ability to collect information about the citizens and their belongings during the early modern period (1450-1800). States that were early in acquiring this information in so called cadasters, could use it in order to collect tax. This fiscal capacity thereafter sustained in a path dependent manner.

Psykisk ohälsa är vanligt bland ungdomar och unga vuxna, och mycket forskning stöder alliansens betydelse för utfallet av terapi (Shirk et al. 2011). Dock saknas en del kunskap om hur allians skapas i terapi med gruppen ungdomar och unga vuxna (Karver et al. 2008). Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var därför att undersöka hur psykologer beskriver att de går tillväga för att skapa och återskapa allians i psykoterapi med ungdomar och unga vuxna.

Alltmedan antalet konsumenter ökar som uppger att de vill köpa etiskt märkta varor, uppvisar resultat från ett flertal studier ett gap mellan konsumenters attityd och beteende i fråga om etiska köp. Åtskilliga försök har gjorts till att förklara ?gapet? mellan attityd och beteende men i flera fall har en förenklad bild av relationen mellan dessa tillämpats.Frågan är därför om ?gapet? skulle återfinnas om hänsyn tas till de beteendevetenskapliga teorier som ligger till grund för detta gap. I denna studie undersöks om attityden mot köp av etiskt märkta varor är bättre på att förutsäga individens köpbeteende än attityden mot etiskt märkta varor i allmänhet. Detta syfte undersöktes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio konsumenter.

This essay studies the relationship between politicians and municipal chief officers from the point of view of the bureaucracy and its role in democracy and the substance of the chief position. I conducted interviews and observations with politicians and senior officials from the local public administration in Bromölla. The roles of the chief officer and politicians have certain common characteristics which makes it difficult to separate them. Senior officials working full time in contrast to part time politicians give them an advantage in the political process. Budget cut backs both enhance the role of politicians and chief officers in the administrative organisation.

Background: ?Transitional care? is a new form of care in the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Sweden. The level of care, between outpatient and inpatient, has been developed to meet children/adolescents and their families in a different way than in the traditional outpatient and inpatient treatment. The contact offered can be intense with frequent contact and also with more time set aside for every occasion. The nurse, who is one of the categories of personnel involved in the multidisciplinary team works largely in other contexts than in the therapy room at the clinic or on the ward.

This study takes its starting point in ongoing changes and differences in the global power dynamics. The liberal rules-based world order that has been acknowledged for governing the world with the US as the hegemon of power has been strongly challenged during the last decades. Russia?s invasion of Ukraine can be seen as an example of ongoing changes in the world order, with Russia as a challenger to the US as the hegemon of power. The changes and instability that this has led to for Sweden's national security situation can be seen as a concrete example of how ongoing changes in the world order affect Sweden?s foreign policy.

Poly, to live in several loving and intimate relationships at the same time, is one alternative to the mono norm. In Sweden polygamy is illegal yet in recent years poly has slowly started to enter the hetero normative political agenda and raise debate in the media. But what does poly mean, and how do those who identify with this type of relationship describe it in contrast to mono? The theoretical framework is based on a structural viewpoint of the changes in the organisation of the family and the growing de-traditionalism of society. Amongst other I use a Foucauldian perspective to explain the structural shift (yet not replacement) between an Alliance pattern and a Sexuality pattern.

This thesis revolves around NATO?s role in the Ukraine crisis with the startpoint in 2014. Specifically, through conducting a qualitative content analysis of various NATO related material, a study regarding NATO?s security strategy and defense strategy, and the strategies' implications and roles in the Ukraine crisis, was able to be conducted. The purpose was to obtain an understanding of how NATO?s strategy has been interpreted and implemented in relation to the crisis.

Background: In scientific literature there are various treatment programs for people with alcohol dependence described, however, are psychosocial factors that promote recovery process described to a limited extent.Purpose: To describe the psychosocial factors that promotes recovery from alcohol dependence.Method: Literature study of ten scientific articles, published between 1999-2011 with both qualitative and quantitative design.Results: According to the literature, the recovery process can be considered to begin when a person with alcohol dependence reached his personal rock bottom. The longer the recovery progresses, the greater are the overall level of performance. Social support is described as an important factor to prevent relapse and reduce the need for professional help. Self-belief and support of self-help groups are described as important to maintaining sobriety. Social support and influence from family members was related to increased ability to analyze and assess their situation during the recovery.

The essay?s main focus has been to investigate and analyze the political actions behind the 2015?s grade compromise; an agreement to introduce grades from the fourth year in primary school. Through a game-theory analysis, mainly based in Leif Lewin?s and Jörgen Herman's research on rationality in politics, this study examined the grade debate  during a fifteen year period. The primary task has thereby been to explain the grade compromise through game-theory.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur utvalda bolags aktieavkastning inom branscherna flyg, fordon samt olja reagerar vid signifikanta oljeprisförändringar.Teoretiskt perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av den effektiva marknadshypotesen samt Behavioural Finance med undergrenarna prospect theory, herd behaviour och overconfidence.Metod: Studien utgår ifrån ett deduktivt inslag med en kvantitativ studie. Undersökningen utgörs av sex eventstudier som datainsamlingsmetod samt en intervju som applikation på det kvantitativa resultatet. Urvalskriterium består av tio bolag inom respektive bransch med en rangordning utefter högst omsättning samt företag med en koppling till svenskt näringsliv med högst omsättning.Empiri: Empirin presenteras utifrån diagram och tabeller över de utförda eventstudierna. Diagrammen syftar till att redovisa den avvikande avkastningen för respektive bolag. Tabellerna ger en redogörelse över eventuellt samband mellan respektive bransch och oljeprisförändringarna.Slutsats: Flygbolagen uppvisade samband med oljepriset vid fyra utav sex eventen.

AbstractWhen the Swedish Centre Party, Centerpartiet, just before Christmas 2012 released a draft for new program of ideas a powerful "winter storm" broke out. Ideas that Centerpartiet would abolish compulsory schooling and the right to inheritance and allow polygamy are just a few of the things that cause alarm.It's not the first time during the last years the Centre Party is associated with neo-liberal elements in their party?s ideology. In 2007 Erik Ullenhag criticized Centerpartiet for their new neo-liberalism was a danger to the alliance.The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to see a change in Centerpartiets ideology and how deep it is. From an idea analytical approach based on ideal types, created for social liberalism, neoliberalism and ecohumanism, the party programs from 2001 and 2013 are studied.

Background:Patients with mental disabilities are more prone to somatic illnesses than the general public. Unhealthier lifestyles and side effects of medication might be causes of conditions that lead to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. According to the Social Board patients with mental disabilities receive poorer treatment than patients with only somatic diagnosis.Aim:The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences to identify, assess and manage somatic symptoms and problems within the psychiatric care.Method:The study is based on interviews with 12 nurses working in psychiatric outpatient and inpatient care. A qualitative content analysis was chosen.Result:The nurses performed nursing through talking, blood sampling and measuring for example blood pressure. They followed up side effects of medication.

BackgroundWorld Alliance for Patient Safety, launched by the WHO, has created a Surgical Safety Checklist. It was first published in 2008 and has been translated and modified in Sweden by Landstingens Ömsesidiga Försäkringsbolag, LÖF. The use of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist has been shown to reduce the number of complications and deaths related to surgery.AimThe aim of this study is to describe the Theatre Nurse?s participation in in the use of a modified version of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist intraoperatively in two Theatres in a hospital in the centre of Sweden.MethodThis study has a quantitative descriptive approach. A direct observational study was carried out in two Theatres and the participants were asked a few complementary questions after the observations.

The cultural policy area has a tendency to be seen as a consensus area, where there are no big conflicts between the parties. The aim of this master?s thesis is to study the moderate party?s cultural motion 2005/06Kr:233 with the party leader Fredrik Reinfeldt as first author. If consensus rules, the party?s ideology should not be visible in the motion, but the assumption in the thesis is that it is visible.