The Baltic Sea is threatened by eutrophication that largely is due to nutrient leaching from farmland within the catchment area. To solve this problem the surrounding countries cooperate within various configurations such as HELCOM and the EU-financed project Baltic Compass. Poor manure management in Russia has been discussed frequently the last couple of years. A literature review of different types of reports and legal acts is the core of this degree project which has been performed in connection to two ongoing research projects financed by EU (Baltic Compass) and SIDA. It is supplemented with interviews with Swedish agricultural consultants and travel reports from two occasions when I had the opportunity to discuss with Russians active within the agricultural sector. Different hypotheses were investigated and discussed. The environmental debate in Russia is quiet and there is a widespread approach that economic profit always trumps environmental concern ? a Soviet heritage that influence the Russian agriculture considerably. The Russian legal acts on stable manure management focus mainly on sanitary questions and only secondary on nutrient leaching.

My final essay is a design proposal for a schoolyard that pertains to the senses. The proposal consists of an illustration plan and this paper. The design proposal takes start in sense stimulation to create a varied environment. The title leads to the concept ?surprisingly predictable?.

Examensarbetet har utförts vid ABB Power Transformers i Ludvika i plåtverkstaden, där stora transformatorlådor svetsas ihop. Tillsammans med vår handledare på företaget utformades ämnet för examensarbetet att bedöma luftkvalitet och arbetsmiljö vid punktsvetsning i koppar. Det fanns misstanke om att exponeringen för koppar var hög och en utvärdering av luftkvaliteten behövde därmed göras. Ingen tidigare exponeringsmätning vid svetsning i koppar har genomförts i plåtverkstaden. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utvärdera och komma fram till tre åtgärdsförslag för att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö vid punktsvetsning samt att begränsa exponeringen av svetsrök som bildas vid svetsning i koppar. Tre åtgärder var företagets önskemål.

Forestry and reindeer husbandry are entitled to use the same land for their operations. For this reason, conflicts occasionally arise between them. Soil scarification is a forestry operation which has a negative effect on the occurrence of reindeer lichen. Reindeer lichens are of crucial importance to reindeers and reindeer husbandry, especially in the winter when reindeers primarily feed on different lichen species (Cladina spp. and Cetraria spp.).

The agricultural sector is characterized by larger crop farms and more extensive livestockproduction. The efficiency improvement is partly a result from a stronger competition in theglobal market. The agricultural products need to be produced at a lower cost than competitorsin order to survive as a farmer. The solution is larger firms that benefit from economies ofscale. This brings large investments that create a greater need for leverage and closer relationto the credit agency.

The food industry is an important part of the Swedish economy, It is the fourth largest industry in Sweden in terms of number of employees and production value. Due to the increasing globalization, the Swedish food industry faces new conditions and challenges. Through the Swedish membership in the European Union in 1995 a whole new era of competition began for the Swedish agriculture and food industry. Markets that previously were closed now opened. In retrospect, it should be noted that the Swedish food industry managed well.

Dairy farms have during a long time been under pressure and this situation was aggravated during the spring and summer of 2009, when profitability declined to historically low levels. Lower milk price and relatively high input prices have caused Swedish dairy farms great liquidity concerns and profitability problems. For a long time, Denmark has been identified as a leading country for the agrarian development with a leading structural rationalization and willingness to grow. In 2009, it was shown that the Danish agriculture, which is generally more leveraged, has difficulties in maintaining profitability and when market price of land started to fall, the proportion of technically insolvent agricultural enterprises rose dramatically. In light of this prevailing situation, this study highlights differences between Denmark and Sweden with the hope to learn from each other.

The county administration asked LKAB to make an inventory of possibly contaminated sites caused by their mining activity. The inventory should be performed according to the MIFO model, a method from SEPA which is used to assess a contaminated site. The first phase involves collection of information through interviews and site inspections and in phase 2 a general survey with field sampling is conducted. LKAB started the work with the first phase of the survey during 2003. During this project the information collected in Phase 1 was evaluated and 16 of the sites were chosen to proceed to MIFO Phase 2 (six sites in Kiruna, and 5 sites respectively in Svappavaara and Malmberget). The sampling of these 16 sites was performed during week 27 2004.

The county administration asked LKAB to make an inventory of possibly contaminated sites caused by their mining activity. The inventory should be performed according to the MIFO model, a method from SEPA which is used to assess a contaminated site. The first phase involves collection of information through interviews and site inspections and in phase 2 a general survey with field sampling is conducted.LKAB started the work with the first phase of the survey during 2003. During this project the information collected in Phase 1 was evaluated and 16 of the sites were chosen to proceed to MIFO Phase 2 (six sites in Kiruna, and 5 sites respectively in Svappavaara and Malmberget). The sampling of these 16 sites was performed during week 27 2004.

The veterinary handling of wildlife, both in zoos and in the wild, commonly requires that the patients need to be captured and immobilized for examination or treatment. This emphasises the need for quick, on-site, laboratory equipment, in order to minimize the analysis time and thus the stress for the animal and also in order to increase the possibility of starting relevant treatment early on. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether Serum Amyloid A (SAA) could be a measured in blood samples from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and South American tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). SAA rises to its maximum about 24 hours after the introduction of an inflammatory agent in companion animals. This also correlates with the estimated time it takes for animals at Kolmården Wildlife Park to be examined and having blood samples collected after being observed as sick. The study also evaluated whether the Eurolyser SOLO, using a turbidometric immunoassay (TIA) developed for human diagnostics, could be used for such analysis. This pilot study was a retrospective analysis of SAA in convenience sampled frozen serum, collected from dolphins, elephants and tapirs.

Feed intake in dairy cows is regulated by a variety of factors influencing hunger and satiety. One of the regulation systems includes the short chain fatty acids produced during feed degradation in the rumen. Starch can be digested either in the rumen where short chain fatty acids are produced or in the small intestine where glucose is the end product. Since glucose does not have the same effect on satiety that short chain fatty acids have, the site of starch digestion might be an important factor that affects feed intake and milk production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of site of starch digestion on feeding behaviour (feed intake, consumption time, and eating frequency) and milk production. Because feeding behaviour is closely connected to the cows? environment, the study also included observations of behaviour. Three different feed rations were compared.

The trend in milk production is similar in Sweden and across the world; the farms are getting fewer but increasingly bigger. The costs for hiring workers are increasing, which results in more cows per animal keeper. Sensors can then be a great tool for keeping track of animals which need special attention. With a reported decreasing fertility, sensors that can detect oestrus even at low levels can be especially helpful in bigger herds to pinpoint the cows that may be in oestrus. The number of farms with dairy cows that install AMS, Automatic Milking Systems, are increasing, and that also increases the need for sensors to control milk quality and composition when there is no visual control of the milk by a milker before milking starts.For the sensor data to be useful you have to have software designed to analyze and interpret the data to get relevant information that the farmer can use.

Vi har gjort en analys av Volvo Construction Equipment AB: s (Volvo CE) instruktionsböcker på avdelningen Customer Support Division (CST) i Eskilstuna. CST är det bolag som stödjer Volvo CE med bland annat reservdelar, marknadsinformation och teknisk dokumentation. I analysen ingår en undersökning om hur instruktionsböckerna uppfattas av användarna. I uppsatsen undersöker vi om instruktionsböckerna har god kommunikations- och informationsdesign. Vår fokus har legat på användarperspektivet där vi har undersökt hur användarna uppfattar informationen samt på hur utformningen av Volvo CE: s instruktionsböcker fungerar.

Miljö- och samhällsbyggnadsdepartementets Johan Gråberg ansåg att Sverige låg långt fram med sina insamlingskvantiteter av elavfall och att det vore bra om Sverige blev en förebild för övriga Europa. Men den svenska modellen med producentansvar reglerar idag endast producenternas ansvar att samla in och förbehandla elavfall, den säger mycket lite om hur transporterna ska ske med hänsyn till infrastruktur och miljö. Den svenska modellen går därför inte att använda i Europa då insamlingen och transporterna skulle öka transportbehovet och nyttjandet av tunga lastbilar med släp (Kallunki & Eknor 2005, s. 39-41). Detta går emot de miljömål och de miljöbestämmelser som finns i Europa (Nationalkommittén för Agenda21 och Habitat 2002, s.

Under våren 2008 utförde jag mitt examensarbete på Utvecklingsverkstaden, inom Volvo Construction Equipment i Eskilstuna. Uppdraget bestod i att presentera förslag på ett skyltsystem som skulle vara modernt, professionellt utformat och ha ett enhetligt utseende. Den befintliga skyltparken var kraftigt eftersatt och föråldrad.  Syftet formulerades till att utforma förslag på ett tydligt skyltsystem som skulle representera aktuell avdelning och dess verksamhet. Syftet innefattade även att ta fram övergripande riktlinjer om placering, för varje kategori av skyltar.