Today, there are more than 12 000-14 000 farms worldwide using an automatic milking system (AMS). Studies have shown that transition to AMS affects the udder health of cows adversely, recognized primarily as elevated somatic cell counts. There are several reasons for this, for example the greater variation in milking frequency seen in AMS. On one hand, short milking intervals may lead to bad teat condition of the cows due to the stress the milking procedure exposes the teats to. Too long milking intervals, on the other hand, seem to predispose for milk leakage, which is, in turn, a risk factor for the development of mastitis.

In this report a systematic working procedure for risk classification of processing equipment from a maintenance point of view is described. How this system has been worked out is also an important part of the report. The classification system is adapted for use in complex processing plants. Preemraff Göteborg has been subject for the underlying study and application of the system.The system aims to give a good overview of the maintenance related risks at the plant. Furthermore, the analysis result is a good motivation for the suggested maintenance activities and as motivation for extended or decreased maintenance resources in total.

Debatten om ekologisk kontra konventionell odling har blossat upp allt mer, förespråkare från båda synsätt har sagt sitt genom slagfärdiga debattartiklar och diskussionen har sedan fortsatt vid middagsborden runt om i landet. Denna kandidatuppsats i ämnet landsbygdsutveckling syftar till att undersöka vilka drivkrafter som kan ligga bakom olika aktörers engagemang i jordbruksfrågor och hur de ser på vad som är en hållbar livsmedelsproduktion. Uppsatsen syftar även till att utforska hur informanterna framställer sig själva och andra aktörer i debatten som förts kring ekologisk kontra konventionell odling. Vem bär enligt informanterna ansvaret för jordbrukets utveckling? Behövs en radikal omställning i hela livsmedelsproduktionen för att nå mer hållbarhet eller räcker det med att enbart göra små justeringar? Det empiriska materialet består till största del av fyra informanters syn på dessa och liknande frågor. Detta material har sedan analyserats med inspiration från Erving Goffmans teori om intryckskontroll och Ulrich Becks teori om risksamhället..

In this day and age we carry out our purchases through different channels. We can shop our clothes and computers in a store or online. Nowadays we can even purchase our groceries through the Internet. The biggest retailer chains within groceries in Sweden have established virtual stores online and are distributing the goods in cities throughout the country. This thesis is dedicated to investigating crucial success factors when going about selling groceries online.

Background: The valuation of growing crops is problematic partly due to weather conditions. 2011 showed that of all cultivated crops 42% were autumn sown which makes up a significant proportion of the total arable land in Sweden. This presented an opportunity to investigate more closely the methods and options used in the inventory valuation of biological assets. Problem: What options are there in the valuation of own-produced inventory specifically in the form of growing crops? Objective: This study's aim is to create an increased understanding of an agricultural company's options for inventory valuation of biological assets. In the survey of the options this study has found two main categories: rule-and principle-based accounting. Methods: A qualitative study with an abductive approach.

Pathogenic microorganisms pose a big threat towards food production. Meanwhile, negative impacts on humans and environment are seen by the use of pesticides. Biological control agents are an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides, and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria, such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been shown to have good properties as biocontrol agents. Before these bacteria can be used commercially their impact on other soil organisms has to be evaluated. This thesis looks into what biocontrol bacteria are and how they might affect earthworms.

The aim of this master thesis is to investigate the development on the Swedish book market for the beginning of the 21st century. During the 21st century a lot of things have happened on the Swedish market for library books. Twenty years ago in reality only one company existed that could deliver books with the demanded equipment to the libraries, but in year 2010 there are four companies offering the same service. Other news during this time is bookshops on internet. We found this development interesting and therefore decided to contact the four companies as well as six libraries to find out what they thought of the new situation.

Lao People?s Democratic Republic (PDR) is a country where the majority of the population works within the sector agriculture in one way or another. The number of goats are increasing and the animals can be an important income source for families. However, during the dry season, lack of feed is a great problem for the farmers. Fodder trees have shown great potential as dry season feeding, due to that the trees often hold green and fresh leaves a long time into the season, compared to grass that dry out quickly.

Uppsatsen undersöker inledningsvis om FOI:s principer för kravformulering kan anses behöva kompletteras mot bakgrund av Försvarsmaktens behov och undersöker därefter kvalitén i några av flygvapnets kravunderlag relativt principerna för kravformulering. Av resultatet framgår att principerna kan behöva kompletteras med principerna prioritering och kontextuell beskrivning. Av fallstudiernas resultat framgår att kvalitén i flygvapnets kravunderlag relativt principerna för kravformulering generellt är låg, att den varierar mellan underlagen och att den i vissa fall är mycket låg i fråga om uppfyllnad av principerna. Uppsatsen rekommenderar att FOI:s principer för kravformulering utökas med principerna prioritering och kontextuell beskrivning. Vidare rekommenderas flygvapnet att öka kvalitén i framtida kravformuleringarna så att den militära nyttan av arbete med kravformulering även kan öka.

Background: Recently, the Swedish food culture has expanded by leaps and bounds. Interest in food and cooking has taken more space in the Swedish welfare state. Products and icons, such as organic free range chicken or Per Moberg have had greater impact on the way we consume food. Consumers have become increasingly aware of what they should and should not be eating. With an increased interest in food, supply and distribution channels have become increasingly important for the major grocery retailers (Board of Agriculture 2011).

The decomposition of organic carbon in drained peat soils is a major source of carbon di-oxide in Sweden. A big part of these drained peat soils are used in agriculture and it is a big challenge to slow down their decomposition. It has earlier been thought that less tilling and higher water table levels would decrease the activity of soil microbes and thereby the decomposition, but recent experiments has showed that this has little or no effect. In this bachelor thesis a field experiment was made on drained peat soil with ley, outside Björklinge, Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The experiment was carried out in May 2011. The objective was to develop a method to examine how the net exchange of carbon diox-ide from plant covered peat soil is affected by temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).

Equestrian sports and the interest in horses have existed for hundreds of years. It is only in the last thirty years the technological development have enabled closer studies of equine locomotion. The production of both soft- and hardware that manages to capture and analyze the fast movement of the horse has resulted in a large increase in locomotion research. Even though the interest in horses and the different disciplines they compete in is great, there is a small understanding in how the rider influences the movement of the horse in different types of training. There are several studies available where horses moving freely without the influence of a rider have been studied. What happens with locomotion and ground reaction forces when a rider and equipment are added is not well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate if there are any differences in the ground reaction forces between sitting and rising trot. The study contained seven horses. Six Grand Prix dressage horses and one dressage horse competing at intermediate level.

This work has been carried out at a company in the region which has about 30000 employeeswith about 400 sites all over the world. The company outsources their network including theLAN refresh and the WAN migration. They needed help with an upgrade of their LAN at theirScandinavian headquarters and to find a new solution for their WAN. The reason why the upgradeof the LAN was needed was that the equipment was too old and did not pass the securityrequirements. They also required a solution to segment their LAN, which consisted of a singlelarge VLAN with 1,300 employees.

The basis for this study was my own conception of a weakening of recreational activities in the Swedish secondary school. The aim of the study was to look into five school leaders? ideas of recreational activities. The school leaders? who participated came from various municipalities in two different counties, southern Värmland and northern Västra Götaland (former Skaraborg).

Underdrainage is a costly investment but often a necessity to maintain rationalized plant cultivation, one can also see underdrainage as insurance to successful plant cultivation. Late ripening crops, low yield and difficult tillage cultivation are examples on an insufficient drainage. (Kvarnemo 1983) A drained field rise in land price and the scheme of the tiled drains is seen as a value item. The interest for underdrainage among the farmers follows with shifting economic situations within agriculture and has for long time been low. A big part of the Swedish tiled drainage systems is since 1930 and ahead. Many of these tiled drainage systems need to be replaced or complemented. The life length of one tiled drainage system varies with maintenance but can still remain in good function after 75 years with correct management.