This paper concerns the question of how one can frame a political message. I investigate how a political frame is bound both to the line of argumentation connected with a certain discourse and to the audience closely related to that discourse.I have chosen to study a single case where the policy process was characterized by a framing contest. The case shows how negotiating the new Services Directive is affected by framing efforts made by the parties negotiating.My conclusions are that the question of a Services Directive lent itself to a definition in terms of "either/or"-arguments. Thus the Directive could be considered either a threat or a possibility. It was the very nature of the matter - the development of the internal market on services - that made possible a debate along the lines of a "left/right"-struggle and where a frame that drew from the European Social Model offered the better explanation thereby succeding in defining the new Directive as a threat.

Within the political science research it is common to examine the effects on the national parliaments caused by European integration. In this Bachelor Thesis the aim is instead to show what involvement of the national parliaments in the European Union implicates to the European integration process.The object of examination is the introduction of the parliaments as supervisors of draft legislative acts, this is also known as ?the Early Warning Mechanism?, through the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. An analysis of answers from the national parliaments in the tests of three pilot cases, conducted by the COSAC, is made with help of Institutional theory and an Europeanization perspective.The main findings show that the mechanism of early warning probably will not become an obstacle for continued European integration, but it could slow down the process in some areas. Most probably though is that the mechanism forces the national parliaments to adapt and to be better equipped to react at events taking place at the European level.

This paper aims to examine performance monitoring in project organisations. The number of organisations that regularly performs projects as a key part of their operations grows rapidly, why this topic has become of large interest. Through a theoretical framework developed by Lars Östman in 1977, the performance monitoring system of the Swedish government-owned public utility Svenska Kraftnät is studied closely. The results from this analysis are then linked to an analysis of the organisation's internal structure through Mintzbergs generic organisational structures. Close connections are found between organisational structure and performance monitoring, which leads on to interesting observations about the connection between size of a project organisation and choice of monitoring method..

Utgångspunkten för uppsatsen är att synliggöra erfarenheter av rasifiering som de upplevs i vardagen. Uppsatsen erbjuder en vidare förståelse av rasismens mekanismer och låter sig inte begränsas av den vedertagna definitionen av vad rasism innebär. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av tre reflexiva intervjuer med tre unga kvinnor i Skåne som kretsar kring deras personliga erfarenheter av vardagsrasism. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av diskursanalys och postkolonial teori för att öka förståelsen för hur den strukturella rasismen präglas av asymmetriska maktförhållanden. Den rasistiska diskursen positionerar kvinnorna och tillskriver dem egenskaper utifrån föreställda kulturella skillnader.

Trafficking är ett problem som ökat markant under de senaste decennierna i takt med det allt mer globaliserade samhället. Given den transnationella karaktären hos problemet, krävs det ett internationellt samarbete för att komma till en lösning på trafficking. Icke- statliga organisationernas arbete mot problemet är vitalt för att få ett slut på den moderna formen av slavhandel Vi gör en komparativ fallstudie över tre organisationer som, med olika intressen och syn på problemet, föreslår olika åtgärder. Genom denna fallstudie har vi som intention att se till hur dessa organisationers olika formuleringsprocesser snarare bidrar till konflikt än till samarbete. Dessa organisationer ställer vi i relation till FN, som vi menar kan verka som medlande part och ett instrument för organisationerna att få sina röster hörda..

För att öka energisäkerheten och garantera en rättvis och trygg energiförsörjning för alla medlemsländer har EU försökt skapa en gemensam energipolitik gentemot Ryssland. I empiridelen av vår kvalitativa fallstudie har vi dock kommit fram till att EU-ländernas olika relation till Ryssland försvårar för EU att hålla enad front gentemot Ryssland.Vi har valt att använda oss av teorierna neofunktionalism och intergovernmentalism för att analysera förutsättningarna för en gemensam europeisk energipolitik gentemot Ryssland. Vi har funnit att båda dessa teorier hjälper till att förklara samarbetets utfall hittills och hur samarbetets framtida förutsättningar ser ut.Vår slutsats är att EU kan lyckas med ambitionen om en gemensam energipolitik gentemot Ryssland om fler av medlemsstaterna, speciellt de större och mer inflytelserika, är villiga att engagera sig i frågan. Om hotet om energibrist skulle bli mer överhängande eller om Rysslands beteende i energifrågan skulle bli mer oberäkneligt ökar också chanserna för ett lyckat samarbete..

Regeringens ministrar är tillsatta för att förvalta på de mest skilda ansvarsområden. Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka ministrar utifrån teoretiskt uppställda bakgrundsegenskaper. Vanligast är det att man blir minister först i 50 års ålder. Under sina liv har ministrarna hunnit skaffa sig gedigna yrkes- och livserfarenheter. Det finns de ministrar som väljer den politiska vägen till ministerposten.

The purpose of this paper is to juxtapose the theories of learning that are reflected in student?s perspectives of the learning log with that of the pedagogical intentions of the curriculum in order to examine the discrepancy between the experienced and the intentional learning objectives. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section is a literature survey on theories related to the learning log and the curriculum. The second part is constituted by three semi-structured group interviews concerning student´s views on the learning log.

This essay intends to investigate the view on freedom of speech in Sweden. The expanding of the hate crime law rises the question if there is a current changing view on freedom of speech. By comparing motions concerning an expanding of the hate crime law from different periods, I am able to conclude if and how the view on the term freedom of speech has taken place. This is done in a descriptive analysis of terms, where the different values and arguments for a change is compared. The material is taken from the period 1991-1993 and 2000-2001.

Computers together with Internet have been growing enormously, during the last decade and the area of information technology has been growing in the same speed. As long as the surrounding environment evolves, the business models must within the IT-area, keep the same pace. So, how do business corporations handle this change to attract customers? How do the dominant business models look like? In many cases, they are apparently much the same. But what differences can we see and what areas can be improved? We have showed that the IT area isn?t just one, it consist of several segments.

Den här politisktfilosofiska texten syftar till att undersöka den normativa problematiken kring migration i den Europeiska Unionen. För att göra det på bästa sätt har två primära frågeställningar ställts. Den första (Vilka normativa värderingar finns det att ta hänsyn till i migrationsfrågan?) är en normativ argumentationsanalys som syftar till att gå på djupet och försöka ringa in alla de premisser som gäller för öppna visavi stängda gränser samt de konsekvenser som kan följa av respektive sakförhållande.Den andra delen av uppsatsen syftar till att reda ut vilka normativa premisser som ligger till grund för de EU-beslut som tas i migrationsfrågor, men huvudsakligt fokus på utomeuropeisk immigration.Slutsatsen i arbetet är dels att migration är en synnerligen komplex fråga där man måste ta hänsyn till en mängd vitt skilda etiska och praktiskpolitiska premisser som ofta står i direkt motsatsförhållande, dels att EU: s migrationspolicys i hög grad styrs av partikulära moraliska värderingar..

The aim of this thesis is to discover facts about the Sweden democrats by looking at statistics of five different municipalities. The main question at issue is: What can you say about the Sweden democrat's voters by researching the voter statistics of the voter districts in the municipalities. The five municipalities who are the object of the study are, Helsingborg, Hässleholm, Landskrona, Svedala and Trelleborg.The Method for this thesis is a case study of five municipalities in Skåne. I have been researching the voterstatistics in the local voterdistricts of 2002 and 2006. I have compared The Sweden democrats with the Social democrats, the conservative party (Moderaterna), and the liberal party (Folkpartiet Liberalerna).The theories that this thesis is based on are voterbehaviour and rightwing-party theories.The Results are that one can not see any signs of the Sweden democrat's success being a result of a far-reaching right wave.

The aim of this study was to investigate leadership in public health care. The methods used were shadowing and semi-structured interviews. The shadowing involved observing the shared leadership of two head nurses in an administrative management position of a ward in their daily work during two weeks. The observation was supplemented by ten semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis of the data was carried out and the result indicated that shared leadership is a form of leadership well suited for an organisation as big and complex as the clinic where the study took place.

Integration is a phenomena that occurs in all societies that experience any form of immigration. This process is dependent on how we analyze, both the groups of immigrants, and how we analyze the society in which they becoming integrated.Intersectionality is one method of analyzing this framework. By applying the categories: gender, class and race on the integration process, we get a more complex picture of the subject. Therefore we also become more able to adjust the actions and arrangement around the different questions of inte-gration.In this essay I try to explain what the intersectionality is, how it is used and how it can apply in integration as a specific subject. I also apply the intersectionality model on different policy documents from Malmö, Vellinge and Landskrona to find out if they show any awareness of this model both explicitly and implicitly..

The purpose of this thesis is to study how homosexuals and homosexuality were represented in the press during the trials against the Pentecostal pastor Åke Green, and to what kind of social representations and narratives these representations can be related.Using critical discourse analysis and theories about the differentiation between in- and outgroups I try to unveil implicit meanings and attitudes towards gay people mainly at the local text level. The material consists of articles in Ölandsbladet and Dagens Nyheter that were produced before, during and after the trials.The analysis suggests that homosexuals are construed as a deviant outgroup and that the majority, the ingroup, is presented as an essentially heterosexual, tolerant community. Homosexuality is wrong and heterosexuality is the right way of living. Homosexuals, in terms of group lobbyism, are construed as an enemy, a threat, against Western ideals such as family values and freedom of speech. They indirectly become a threat to Swedish democracy.