Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva blivande och legitimerade sjuksköterskors attityder och uppfattningar i behandlingen av akut smärta hos barn, samt hur blivande och legitimerade sjuksköterskor bedömer sin egen kunskapsnivå i smärthanteringen av barn med akut smärta. Datainsamling gjordes i fulltextdatabaserna ELIN@Dalarna, Blackwell Synergy och EBSCO Host. Sökord var nurse, acute pain, pain, pain management, children, nursing, assessment, pediatric, attitudes, beliefs och knowledge. Studiens resultat bygger på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna ansåg att barn tolererar smärta sämre än vuxna och de var endast beredda att acceptera smärta hos barn i samband med mindre procedurer.

The concept of building work environment co- ordinator is a relatively new concept that has its origin in the amendment to the Working Environment Act which came into force on 1 January 2009. The terms; building work environment co-ordinator appointed for planning and design and building work environment co-ordinator for the execution of building or civil engineering work ushered in the industry. Once these disciplines complement one another, you can achieve a smooth handover to ensure a good and healthy working environment.In this thesis, we study a company in Uppsala and their operations and handover by interviewing the relevant staff in question. The result shows that there are currently no present guidelines for how and when the handover should take place, it is up to each individual to provide themselves with the relevant information.If the handover of the work environment would occur to the extent it should it would lead to minimized proportions of unforeseen risks and events that may occur during the production phase, which ultimately leads to a better and healthier working environment..

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Cow?s milk and chronic constipation in children ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Sara Palm & Anna SvenssonSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Chronic functional constipation is common among children. Up to a third of all who seek a paediatrician suffer from constipation and it is a widespread problem for children in many countries. Lately it has been discussed if cow?s milk can be a cause of the constipation and if it should be considered a delayed hypersensitivity.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether there is scientific evidence to recommend a cow?s milk-free diet as a potential treatment in chronically constipated children.Search strategy: The literature searches were performed in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and the Cochrane library, using the search terms cow?s milk, constipation, milk proteins, dairy products, milk hypersensitivity, cow milk and cows milk between March 17th and April 4th 2014.Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials measuring stool frequency in chronically constipated children on a cow?s milk-free diet were included.

The purpose of this thesis is to explain one aspect of how and why the development in the third world is lagging behind. The precondition is that development through an agricultural revolution is necessary and that all countries benefit from trading. But these two conditions are not met today. By using the urban-bias and the world system theory I have analysed how the situation appears to be according to the precondition. It appears that both the urban-bias and the world system theory are essential to understand how and why the situation in third world still has not reached the same development phase as most other countries.

Dione kullager AB is a company in Uppsala, which sell industrialmachinecomponents, transmissionsolutions and provides repair serviceof hydraulic components.When a hydraulic cylinder is about tobe repaired it needs to bedisassembled. Because hydrauliccylinders usually work in dirtyenvironments and are heavilyworn some types of cylinders arealmost impossible to disassemble.Today the disassemble is made by hand,which means extra work for themechanics. In order to facilitate thedismantling of this type of cylindersa machine is to be developed for thispurpose and this is where this thesisbegins.The thesis has been organized in threephases: Literature study in whichfacts and theories are acquired.Concept generation in which differentconcepts, calculations, and solutionswere identified and selected. Thedesign phase where all the differentconcepts of components were assembledand simulated in SolidWorks. Similarstructures have also been studied inorder to identify necessary functions.The thesis resulted in a structurewhich is believed to meet therequirements.

The aim of this thesis is to describe how service companies through adjustment of the customer?s zone of tolerance can influence customer?s perception of the service during the processes of service delivery and create customer satisfaction. The method used was case study approach utilizing personal interviews, which were conducted at two service companies. The study showed that the aspects of the service that have greatest importance for the customer?s assessment of the service and customer satisfaction among others are personal treatment and that personel behave in the way that makes the customer feel itself taken good care of and unique.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most clinically important Staphylococcus species and is associated with high mortality in patients with positive blood cultures. S. aureus bacteria may cause a variety of disease manifestations ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and sepsis. This microorganism belonging to the gram positive cocci may also be part of the normal flora. In Sweden, penicillinase-stable penicillins are the primary alternatives to treat S.

The Swedish and the Finnish compulsory care legislation that regards abusers differ in several ways. The arguments for compulsory care and for the time which one will receive compulsory care are dissimilar. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse which arguments for compulsory care and the length of the care time that has been expressed in the Swedish and the Finnish laws and in the statutes. The tools were an argumentation analysis, which is a form of qualitative text analysis method, combined with a hermeneutic scientific position. We have investigated the arguments that try to justify compulsory care and the care time that has been expressed in the laws and the statutes.

Agencies towards Sustainable Development ? A Study of Environmental Management Systems in Governmental Agencies 2005A vision of the Swedish government is to build an ecologically sustainable society. A tool in this effort is to implement environmental management systems (EMS). The aim of the thesis is to present in which phase of the implementation of EMS Swedish governmental agencies are. This will be done by compilation and evaluation of agencies? yearly environmental reports.The thesis is written in co-operation with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Swedish EPA).

Begreppet akut coronart syndrom (ACS) används för tillstånd som orsakar syrebrist i hjärtmuskeln genom förträngning av kranskärlen. I Sverige sker ca 42 % av alla dödsfall hos både kvinnor och män till följd av hjärtkärlsjukdom. Riskfaktorer utgörs av kön, ålder och ärftlighet samt relateras till livsstils faktorer såsom rökning, förhöjda blodfetter, hypertoni, diabetes, stress och låg fysisk aktivitet. För personen som insjuknar i en hjärtinfarkt kan upplevelsen innebära en kris och sjuksköterskan har en central roll som rådgivare och vägledare för patienter under deras sjukhusvistelse och i eftervården. Syfte med denna litteratursammanställning var att beskriva sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan stödja patienter med ACS. Studien utgörs av en systematisk litteraturssammanställning och resulterade i sex kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet belyser två teman som betydelsefulla omvårdnadsåtgärder sjuksköterskan kan stödja patienter med vid ACS. Dessa teman presenteras som information/utbildning och skapande av relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient.

Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion (PE) is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac and is often secondary to pericardial diseases or diseases related to the heart. It is unusual with clinically relevant pericardial diseases in cats but pericardial effusion is the most common one. Since PE causes serious symptoms and may lead to death it is important with a quick diagnosis and treatment. PE can be acute and cause cardiac tamponade, which gives severe clinical signs. Cardiac tamponade needs to be treated immediately or else the cat will die from cardiogenic chock. More common is chronic PE where the fluid accumulates during a longer period of time and the pericardial sac stretches.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva hur pappor upplever ett akut kejsarsnitt.Metod: Deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ design. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio pappor som varit med om ett akut kejsarsnitt.  Resultat: I studien framkom positiva upplevelser av akut kejsarsnitt så som ett bra bemötande av personalen och en känsla av att bli omhändertagen. Personalen uppfattades som proffsiga, trevliga och snälla. Det var framförallt efter det akuta kejsarsnittet som pappor upplevde en delaktighet då de själva fick ta hand om barnet.

During 40 years of industrial production, from the end of the 1890?s until the end of 1930?s, coal and wood distillation products were manufactured in AB Carbo?s tar factory along the River Gimån in Grötingen, in the county of Jämtland, Sweden. In accordance with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency?s Methods for Inventories of contaminated sites, MIFO, the site in Grötingen has been identified as a potentially contaminated site. In order to determine whether toxic substances pose a threat to human health and ecological systems in the area, there was a need to investigate the presence of contaminants, their levels and potential for migration.

The report descripbs how a diplexer for a hybrid analog/digital filterbank has been constructed and tested. A diplexer divides the frequency band into two different bands that do not who doesn't overlapp each other. The sampling rate for the two ADC:s is 80 Msps, and therefore it is advantage to have zero at 80 MHz. The reason for this is that a proposed class of hybrid filterbanks with very good quality requires a zero at or close the sampling frequency to work well. The diplexer was made in three versions.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.