Bakgrund: I Sverige besöker mer än 200 000 barn akutmottagningen varje år. Där måste de ofta genomgå smärtsamma diagnostiska och behandlande procedurer. Den främmande miljön leder till att barnen upplever stress, oro och rädsla. Barn och föräldrar är överens om att nålstick och venpunktion är några av de mest stressande och smärtsamma procedurerna i samband med ett sjukhusbesök. För många barn som hamnar på sjukhus är den största rädslan att behöva få en spruta eller uppleva smärta.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa metoder som lindrar oro och smärta hos barn vid nålstick i samband med sjukhusbesök.

The birth of a child marks a new era for the parents. It is the beginning of something that will never end, because they will always be the child´s parents. This study investigates what happens when an infant is born whit Downs syndrome (Ds), and thus does not resemble the child the parents had expected. The purpose of this literature study was to describe the information and the support that the parents of a newborn child with Ds think that they need. The literature search was made in the database of Medline (via Pub Med), Academic Search Elite and manual search.

Fairy tales are commonly considered to be both timeless and classless. Since the 17th century, when most of the tales we have access to today were first collected and published, the idea that fairy tales are part of an oral tradition, and therefore more or less uninfluenced by academic and literary trends, have been dominant amongst researchers, critics and readers. This idea needs to be revaluated. Even if the tales might have their roots in an oral tradition the history of the fairy tale ?is not primarily a history of oral transmission, but rather a history of print?, as Elizabeth Wanning Harries puts it (Wanning Harries, 2001:4).

This thesis has the purpose that through a text analysis examine how four schoolbooks for high school treats the religions Judaism and Hinduism. The schoolbooks are from the years 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2009. The perspectives are from a religious viewing point, that means that the women are religious, Jewish feminists and Hindu feminists. The theories used are written by these women and are academic litterature.  The questions are how are women represented in the schoolbooks, is the feminist critique present or are the two religions represented and described in an invariable way, and is the description of Judaism and Hinduism consistent with the curriculum?The text analysis used in this examination means that reality is organized through and by the language used by the actors in that reality.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and develop a workflow for assessing and representing the value of ecosystems to professionals involved in municipal planning. A thorough literature review was conducted and supplemented by interviews and observations. Frameworks for ecosystem service assessments were analyzed and combined with methods in urban planning in order to assess social and ecological conditions. A workflow was set up and methods were evaluated by applying them to a case study in the area Åstråket in Uppsala. Experience from the case study was compiled in order to improve the workflow.Complex assessments were identified and simplified for the method to be useful for practitioners.

This study presents a methodology that enables the annual average power of a wind turbine to be increased by automatically optimizing it?s airfoil, twist and chord dis- tribution. As a part of the study the software SiteOpt has been developed. This software connects the open source software XFOIL with the blade element momen- tum theory. XFOIL gives lift and drag coefficients which enable the blade element momentum theory to predict the power of a wind turbine at different wind and ro- tational speeds.

Due to political decisions regarding the Swedish school, public and independent schools booth face the need topromote themselves in the quest for new pupils. This study aims to, from a communications perspective, examine how four selected upper secondary schools address their target audience; the pupils?to?be, on their homepages. Additionally, I intend to investigate whether, and if so, how, said addressing can be connected to the different target groups applying to the schools in question.The questions asked in this study regard the way in which the selected schools describe themselves on their homepage; how do they use the textual and visual content to address their audience, and can there be disagreement between the meaning of the text and that of the image? To answer these questions, I use a theoretical base made out of visual communication and semiotic as well as rhetorical analyses.The methodological procedure is a qualitative approach on the matter, allowing me to understand the ?what? of the content on the homepages, as well as the ?how? it?s being communicated.

SammanfattningSyftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor kan förebygga och lindra smärta i samband med smärtsamma procedurer hos skolbarn 7-12 år. Metoden som användes var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Litteratur har sökts i databaserna Medline via PubMed, Academic Search Elite och Blackwell Synergy. Materialet i litteraturstudien begränsades till 14 artiklar. I resultatet presenteras de faktorer som påverkar barns upplevelser av smärtlindring i två kategorier: ?Förberedelser inför smärtsamma procedurer? och ?Lindring av smärta under proceduren?.

Att leva med kronisk sjukdom påverkar människan både fysiskt och psykiskt. Hela dennes livsvärld förändras. Att acceptera sin sjukdom och leva med den och allt vad detta innebär kräver stora förändringar. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva människors upplevelse av att leva med multiple skleros. Artikelurvalet baserades på och utfördes via databaserna Medline, Cinahl och Academic search.

Sweden is today a country with ethnic, cultural and religious diversity. My aim in this study is to study what view of Islam and Muslims that students at a Catholic school in Stockholm have. The reason why Catholic schools are interesting to study is that previous research has showed that Muslim students around Europe often attend catholic schools as they are regarded as more tolerant towards religion. This study is based on a questionnaire and personal interviews with upper secondary students at the Catholic school in Stockholm. The result is compared with previous research on students of the same age group (12-15 years).

The purpose of this research has been to find out whether and how teachers stimulate and motivate well achievers in the elementary school to reach a higher level. To gather information I visited two different schools within the same county in Stockholm and on each school I met and interviewed with two teachers. The answers received from these interviews are presented in this study as my results. I found that the teachers feel that students that do well in the classroom many times work as role models for the other students. Often these students require extra material as they usually finish their workload ahead of others.

This master?s thesis investigates publishing of Swedish literary classics on the web. The purpose is to find out who is publishing and why, and what practice of publishing is used. The purpose is also to find out what importance the publishers attach to textual quality and proofreading. For these questions the ?Guidelines for editors of scholarly editions? by MLA is used.

This thesis investigates clinical nurses? information seekingand information use through semi-structured interviews withsix nurse practitioners, nurses with further education.Previous research shows that nurses have problemsimplementing evidence-searching at the clinic because oforganization, stress and heritage of an old practice that doesnot incorporate the academic education.The theoretical framework consists of T.D. Wilson?sinformation seeking behavior model and R.H. Orr?s model ofinformation needs.

This bachelor essay aims to illuminate different images and ideas about Bellevue industrial area.The area is situated in a district in Gothenburg, called Gamlestaden, where Bellevue industrialarea is a former industrial area, today mostly used by minor occupations. The district is facing amajor transformation, based on a detailed master plan. One aim is to create a district with mixedfunctions; like residences, businesses, offices, services and cultural activities all together. Thisessay is based mainly from a user perspective, but it also has the perspective from the ideas andvisions by the City Planning Office.The material is mainly based on interviews with seven informants, representing different kinds ofoccupations in the area. One interview is also made with a city planner.

Background: The construction industry is Sweden?s single most important industry branch with a significant influence on Sweden?s wealth. The political restrictions that once controlled the industry are today almost gone. This combined with an unbalanced supply and demand situation on the Swedish constructions market, caused by urbanisation, has led to increased pressure on the Swedish construction companies who now are forced to find new methods in their struggle to contain or increase their competitive advantage. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to survey: which strategic variables are of great importance in today?s Swedish construction industry with focus on the four main actors, JM, NCC, PEAB and Skanska.