Studiens syfte var att jämföra hur patienter som skall få en subkutan venportinlagd och lokalbedövas enligt en lokalbedövningsmodell, skattade smärta underingreppet, samt att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan preoperativoro och smärta under ingrepp.Studien var en deskriptiv, jämförande studie och utfördes med en kvantitativmetod, med hjälp av enkäter, där patienterna bland annat fick skatta oro ochsmärta med hjälp av Numeric Rating Scale. Studien genomfördes på patienter,vilka skulle få en subkutan venport inlagd. Fyrtiofem patienter deltog i studien.Tolv patienter av totalt 45, (27 %), skattade sin oro över tre på NRS. Antalpatienter vilka skattade sin smärta över tre på de olika momenten var på bedövningsmomentet13 patienter, (29 %), på dilatationsmomentet 21 patienter, (47%) och på momentet borttagande av operationstejp 13 patienter, (29 %). Ingensignifikant skillnad kunde mätas mellan momenten, inget signifikant sambandmellan oro och smärta kunde mätas och ingen signifikant skillnad i smärta mellaninneliggande patienter och polikliniska patienter kunde mätas.Patienterna skattade smärtan under ingreppet relativt lågt men nästan hälftenav patienterna skattade smärtan över tre på dilatationsmomentet.

Syftet med studien var att studera sambandet mellan elitjuniorers ledarskapspreferenser och deras personlighet. Urvalsgruppen bestod av 167 elitjuniorer, i åldrarna 16-20 år (M=17,29). Försökspersonerna var av både manligt (116 st) och kvinnligt (51 st) kön, vilka var aktiva inom interaktiva bollsporter. Deltagarna fick svara på tre olika frågeformulär (1) Demografisk fakta (2) Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) (3) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Efterföljande korrelationsanalyser visade signifikanta samband mellan Extraversion, Demokratiskt ledarbeteende och Positiv Feedback, samt mellan Neuroticism och Socialt stödjande ledarbeteende.

The purpose of this research is to study the new curriculum in the topic of modern languages in the upper secondary school, and compare the curriculum from year 2011 with the one from year 2000 and thus try to find differences in the content and wordng. The research also aims to investigate teachers' interpretations and understanding of the new curriculum. The study is divided into two sub?studies and those are based on the two methods of text analysis and interview. Text analysis of policy documents is made parallell with some aspects found in the background materials of the upper secondaryschool reform, which can be summarized as precision and globalization.

Föreliggande studies ansats var att undersöka den funktionella syskonplaceringen i relation till Locus of control (LoC) och Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Syskonforskaren Sulloways teori om den funktionella syskonplaceringen kan liknas vid en darwinistisk förklaringsmodell till syskonplaceringens betydelse för utvecklandet av personlig karaktäristika. Individens attribuering till inre eller yttre LoC avser huruvida individen tillskriver händelser i livet som ett resultat av dennes egen påverkan eller som ett resultat avhängigt ödet eller slumpen. KASAM-begreppet avser individens förmåga, att uppleva världen som begriplig, hanterbar och meningsfull. Studiens undersökningsdeltagare är elever från årskurs 1-3 på en gymnasieskola (n=86).

In the country of Jordan, egg production is very important economically, but several bacte-ria are involved in food borne diseases transmitted from eggs or other poultry products. The most important are Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. In Jordan two different housing systems are used for hens in large scale egg production; con-ventional cages and litter floor systems. Eggs from four different farms were analysed and compared to see if a difference could be found regarding the presence of pathogenic bacte-ria on the egg surfaces between these two systems. Total number of aerobic bacteria was analysed, the presence of Salmonella spp., C.

The modern silvicultural practices of today, with cutting by compartments, have led to a large benefit for the moose population through the cleared areas which produces large amount of fodder. This new landscape can produce and feed a large moose population. But it will cause a conflict effect towards the landowners; the conflict consists of browsing mainly in the young pine forest. The result from browsing and damage will be sparse stands with reduced growth and technical damage like leader shoot browsing, stem breaking and damage of the bark. Technical damage can kill the tree or damage it so hard that it would not work as future saw timber.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det förelåg några skillnader i upplevelsen av inre arbetsmotivation och arbetstillfredsställelse bland tjänstemannakonsulter inom ett bemanningsföretag beroende på antal uppdrag. Syftet var även att undersöka om det förelåg någon interaktionseffekt mellan hur väl uppfyllda de inre motivationsbehoven var och antal uppdrag. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka vilket motivationsbehov som predicerade generell arbetstillfredsställelse främst. Studien genomfördes inom ett bemanningsföretag i mellansverige, där 70 tjänstemannakonsulter deltog genom att besvara en webbenkät. Mätinstrumenten som användes var Basic Need of Satisfaction at work scale (BNS) och Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ).

Bakgrund: Det finns i nuläget inget svenskt self-efficacy instrument för barn och ungdomar med smärta. Den här undersökningen syftade till att översätta samt reliabilitets- och validitetstesta en engelskspråkig self-efficacy skala för barn och ungdomar med smärta.Metod: Urvalet bestod av 62 elever från tre olika klasser i Uppsala. Skalan översattes till svenska och ett frågeformulär utformades för att möjliggöra en utvärdering av test-retest reliabilitet samt kriterie- och ögonblicksvaliditet.Resultat: Värdena på viktad kappa för överensstämmelsen av två skattningar (S1 och S2) med self-efficacy instrumentet (SEIS) varierade mellan Kw= 0,37 -  Kw=0,75. Sambandet mellan Functional disability inventory (FDI) och SEIS beräknades med Spearmans rangkorrelation där rs = 0,364 (p<0,05). Ögonblicksvaliditeten för SEIS beskrevs som att den var lättförståelig, innehöll vardagliga aktiviteter men att vissa aktiviteter saknades.Konklusion: Slutsatsen av denna undersökning var att frågorna i SEIS bör omarbetas för att bli mer specifika och kunna användas.

This thesis evaluates and compares the retrieval effectiveness of the two search engines Google Scholar and Scirus, which both specialises in indexing scholarly material on the web as well as journal articles. Thirty search queries are used and the first twenty retrieved documents for each query are examined for topical relevance and scholarly content. The search queries are based on legitimate information needs taken from a scientific questionbox on the web. Queries are expressed with advanced search operators and are the same for both search engines. Precise relevance criteria are set up and a binary scale is used when judging.

This paper is a comparing study of the retrieval effectiveness of the search engines Google, Google Scholar and Scirus. The aim is to find out how good they are at retrieving relevant academic material in the research-field of Library and Information science. The thirty search questions where based on actual information needs collected from exams within the field of Library and Information Science. This method was used to prevent that none of the search engines were given an advantage because of construction of the information needs. The first twenty retrieved documents on the retrieval lists are examined for academic content and relevance.

This thesis examines the retrieval effectiveness of two Web search engines. The two search engines are chosen to represent two different types Google as a broad general search engine and Dogpile as a broad general metasearcher. Twenty queries have been used and the first twenty hits for each query were evaluated for relevance. The queries were invented by the authors, based upon their interests and information needs. They were expressed in a general manner, by using one or several keywords, in accordance with the simple search mode available for each search engine.

This paper examines dialect as a rhetorical means of persuasion. A survey containing inquires about four different Swedish dialects have been handed out mainly in Södertörn University and Stockholm University, in order to research the values and connotations of theese dialects. The four chosen dialects are as following: Göteborgska, Stockholmska, Norrländska and Skånska. The results of the survey are processed and compiled to see which attitudes these values and connotations may indicate to each dialect. These attitudes and values are then discussed in correlation with five rhetorical theories: Attitude as a means of persuation, Ethos, Persona, Rhetorical Agency and Pierre Bourdieu?s theory of Field and Habitus.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the forest managers view of the edu-cation at the School for Forest management at SLU and the first years of em-ployment. Surveys were sent to batches 05/08, 06/09 and 07/10 a total of 136 question-naires were sent out. 80 people answered the survey, this gives a response rate of 59 percent The former students rated according to a 9-grade scale how satisfied they were with the different courses they had attended during their years as students at the school. The courses in mathematics and statistics got the highest marks with an average of 7.3, while the entry-level course in law only got an average of 4.6. A major part of the former students had in the questionnaire enquired a leader-ship course and a business course with focus on negotiation techniques during their education. There is a wide variety of employment opportunities for the graduated students. Timber buyers and forest managers or planners are just a few positions that for-mer students now possess. The study shows that there is a big difference in the first introduction to a new work place depending on where the student got hired.

Society has depended on fossil-based fuel for a long time, which has led to a fundamental increase of greenhouse gases in the Earth?s atmosphere. To tackle this problem the international community has agreed that action is necessary. Focus is now directed towards local extraction of energy from renewable sources such as biogas.Utö is participating in the Green Island project, which aims to investigate the possibility of making the island climate neutral. This report has been implemented on behalf of Skärgårdsstiftelsen, the main partner responsible for the Green Island project in Sweden.

Background: Nerve mobilisation is a controversial subject which has undergone great development in recent decades. Nerve mobilisation is based on a concept of both examination and treatment of the nervous system. Purpose: To study nerve mobilisation as a treatment in physical therapy with emphasis on evidence regarding the method. Method: A literature review. The search was made through the databases: PubMed/Medline, Academic search, PEDro and CINAHL/webspirs.