Bakgrund: Symptom vid torra ögon kan vara en känsla av torrhet, irritation, okomfort, främmande kropps känsla och ökad produktion av tårar. Torrhetskänslan varierar under dagen men är mest påtaglig framåt kvällen. 3 av 4 som upplever symptom för torra ögon har ett tunnare lipidskikt. Diagnostisering av normala, måttligt torra och torra ögon kan dels göras med hjälp av en symtomenkät t.ex. TERTC-DEQ.Syfte: Att undersöka om lipidskiktet förändras i tjocklek från förmiddag jämfört med eftermiddag under samma dag.Metod: I studien deltog 6 män och 21 kvinnor med en medelålder på 23.3 ± 2.1 år.

The chow-chow breed is considered to have a low fertility and this report is an in depth study of the reproductive functions of this breed in Sweden. Only 53 % of the Chow-chow matings results in litters. Previous studies of other breeds in commercial kennels shows mating results around 85-90 %, but this has not been investigated in hobby kennels and most Chow-chows which are bred from in Sweden, are kept as family pets. Contrary to most other breeds, Chow-chows show a seasonal reproductive pattern and most litters are born in the autumn. The influence of the month of mating on pregnancy rate and litter size was found to be not significant, but can be considered a trend. Thirty-nine females with previous known fertility problems where studied. Some of them had reached puberty extremely early, at an age between 4-5 months, and many of the bitches showed great fluctuations in intervals between oestrus cycles. Some of the females showed abnormalities such as very short oestrus intervals of only 2-3 months, probably without ovulating.

According to old european tradition the ideal national state has a unified people, but in reality practically all states has one of several minorities that to a smaller or greater degree differs from the majority. One such minority that have been present in many countries and managed to avoid becoming completly assimilated are the jewish people. Their dream of a state of their own eventually lead to the founding of the state of Israel where they themselves are now in majority. The purpose of this report is to study how the jews historic experiances has affected the political parties in Israel, how they choose to meet the ?challenge? of their own minorities och whatever they treat different minorites differently.

The forestry companies? operational planning process is these days dependent on reliable, efficient and user-friendly computer-based support systems. This study is an evaluation of Holmen Skog's current computer-based systems. The aim of this study is to: ? investigate the work pattern of the production managers when using the information system to plan the harvesting operation; ? investigate the efficiency and user friendliness of the information system with the different work patterns and to find the strengths, weaknesses and bottlenecks in the current system; ? find out if the type of object, the volume, the area of the harvesting object affects the time and work pattern; ? examine how this type of study is met by the employees and what factors that is critical to avoid feelings of intrusion. The conclusions of the study were: ? there is a large variation between the work patterns of the production managers and the time spend to perform the operational planning; ? the mainframe computer system used by Holmen Skog is clear, has short response times, is robust and conveys relevant information; ? the computer systems are however divided in many subsystems.

Breast cancer is the most common tumor disease among women in Sweden. About 7000persons, having a median age of 65, are diagnosed each year with this disease. Withmammography screening, breast cancer can be detected in an early stage which improves theoverall survival (OS). 20-30 % of the breast cancer tumors are overexpressing humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is a protein that stimulates cell proliferation.Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2-proteinand prevent the signals for cell proliferation.Trastuzumab has earlier been used for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the year of 2007trastuzumab was approved for adjuvant treatment of patients who has been medicated withsurgery and/or radiation.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab inHER2-positive breast cancer patients.

In situ sekvensering är en metod som kan användas för att lokalisera differentiellt uttryck av mRNA direkt i vävnadssnitt, vilket kan ge viktiga ledtrådar om många sjukdomstillstånd. Idag förloras många av sekvenserna från in situ sekvensering på grund av det kvalitetsmått man använder för att säkerställa att sekvenser är korrekta. Det finns troligtvis möjlighet att förbättra prestandan av den nuvarande base calling-metoden eftersom att metoden är i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede. Vi har genomfört explorativ dataanalys för att undersöka förekomst av systematiska fel och korrigerat för dessa med hjälp av statistiska metoder. Vi har framförallt undersökt tre metoder för att korrigera för systematiska fel:I) Korrektion av överblödning som sker på grund avöverlappande emissionsspektra mellan fluorescenta prober.II) En sannolikhetsbaserad tolkningav intensitetsdata som resulterar i ett nytt kvalitetsmått och en alternativ klassificerare baseradpå övervakad inlärning.III) En utredning om förekomst av cykelberoende effekter, exempelvisofullständig dehybridisering av fluorescenta prober.Vi föreslår att man gör följande saker:Implementerar och utvärderar det sannolikhetsbaserade kvalitetsmåttetUtvecklar och implementerar den föreslagna klassificerarenGenomför ytterligare experiment för att påvisa eller bestrida förekomst av ofullständigdehybridisering.

Websites today only offer simpler form of technical analysis and are not fun to use, therefore student decided to build a website that makes technical analysis a bit more fun by giving user possibility to experiment with settings for technical indicators and also see clear visible results from analysis. Student decided to build website in ASP.NET. Technical indicators for this project only consist of those who give buy and sell-signals via cross-over, no divergence or pattern finding.This project has three questions that define this project. It?s important that there is good functionality so that performing an analysis is perceived as simple, one question is therefore; what functionality for website is needed in order for analysis to be perceived as more simple?Technical analysis is a pretty complex subject and demands an interface that is perceived as easy to understand and easy to use, it?s therefore important that the interface is well designed, second question is therefore; how should the interface be designed to be user-friendly?When systems grow large they often become hard to develop and later on unmaintainable because of the accumulated complexity and dependency between classes, the code is a mess, the last question is therefore; how can the systems complexity be eased with object-oriented design principles?Jakob Nielsens ten heuristics for User Interface Design were used as inspiration for designing the interface for the website.

Breast cancer is the most common tumor disease among women in Sweden. About 7000persons, having a median age of 65, are diagnosed each year with this disease. Withmammography screening, breast cancer can be detected in an early stage which improves theoverall survival (OS). 20-30 % of the breast cancer tumors are overexpressing humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is a protein that stimulates cell proliferation.Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2-proteinand prevent the signals for cell proliferation.Trastuzumab has earlier been used for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the year of 2007trastuzumab was approved for adjuvant treatment of patients who has been medicated withsurgery and/or radiation.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab inHER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Background. Immunohistochemistry is a useful method in the differential diagnosis between pleural mesotheliomas and metastatic adenocarcinomas in the pleura. Cytokeratin 20 and 7 have been used successfully as markers in studies determining primary location of adenocarcinomas from metastases. The current study is a complementary research of archived paraffininbedded material of cases with cancer origin. This study contributes a bigger statistical material that may facilitate the search for unknown primary site of adenocarcinoma by identification of metastatic cells in the pleura.Methods.

Mitt arbete handlar om mötet mellan rysk konstruktivism och science fiction. Detta har jag gestaltat i ett textilt rum inspirerad av science fictionkarraktären Doktorn ur Doctor Who. Doktorn är en utomjording av en långt mer utvecklad art och från en mer avancerad civilisation än människorna, som reser i tid och rum i sitt tids-och rymdskepp TARDIS. Jag har designat ett rum som är min textila tolkning av TARDIS innersta. Arbetet kretsar kring tankar om gestaltning av en flerdimensionalitet som bara kan anas, inte ses eller förstås.

The purpose of this master dissertation is to show an example of how to renovate three different parks in an area of national interest in Höganäs, Sweden aiming to deal with their heritage value as well as making them attractive to today?s user. The question formulation can be described as following: How can i as a landscape architect renovate parks with different characters conserving their existing qualities. By studying and documenting the park´s history and current usage and using methods of evaluating a park?s heritage value ( Kulturhistorisk värdering av bebyggelse, Unnerbäck 2002) i could conclude which qualities to conserve and suggest and motivate what features to add or renovate.

The Arctic region appears as a pristine remote environment, yet there is increasing evidence that it is greatly impacted by pollution such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). In this environment deposition of Hg has increased threefold since the last industrial revolution. In this study five cryosolic soil profiles within non-sorted circles (NSC) in the Abisko region, northwest of Sweden, has been analyzed to improve our understanding regarding how pollutants are distributed within such type of soil. The soil samples have been analyzed with the use of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), for the measurements of the total concentrations of e.g. lead (Pb) and zirconium (Zr).

Protein is an important component in various milk products and has a crucial role in the final quality. Excluding non-protein nitrogen, bovine milk contains about 3.3% protein whereas about 80% of this fraction consists of casein. There are four major members in the casein family: ?s1-casein, ?s2- casein, ?-casein and ?-casein. Proteolytic enzymes are the cause of degradation of the economically important milk proteins.

Introduction The genetic skin disease epidermolytic ichtyosis is caused by mutations in either keratin gene 1 or 10 and leads to blisters and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis. At cellular level the disease is seen as aggregates in the keratin filaments. Since medicines are hard to investigate and produce mainly due to lack of reproducible model systems, there is no good treatment available for this disease today. In this article we describe how an in vitro model consisting of cells from a stable cell line transfected with expression plasmids to mimic patient cells, may be a possible alternative for screening compounds for therapies. The first step was to generate an expression plasmid required to complete the in vitro model.

Denna rapport behandlar en undersökning vars syfte var att finna en ersättande kemikalie ellermetod till den nu använda metoden för att bryta ner magnetitpartiklar i ett vattenprov för attanalysera dess järnhalt. I den nuvarande metoden används tioglykolsyra för att lösa uppmagnetiten innan analys i ICP-MS (induktivt kopplat plasma ? masspektrometer).Tioglykolsyra är giftig och dessutom påfrestande för analysinstrumenten och därmed inteönskvärd. Försöken i denna utredning utfördes genom att byta ut tioglykolsyran mot saltsyra,svavelsyra eller EDTA, samt att ändra temperatur eller tid i uppvärmning av provet.Utredningen visade att saltsyra inte är en fungerande ersättande kemikalie, att svavelsyramöjligen kan fungera, även om vidare utredning krävs för att finna de optimala förhållandenamellan tid, temperatur och koncentration av syran, samt att EDTA kanske också kan fungera.Utredningen visade även att istället för att analysera i en ICP-MS verkade det som att detskulle kunna fungera att analysera färskvattenprover (prover utan förbehandling) i en AAS(atomabsorptionsspektrometer) med grafitugn. För att veta med säkerhet ifall tioglykolsyragår att ersätta behövs vidare utredning för AAS med grafitugn, svavelsyra och EDTA.