I och med höjda energipriser och ökad medvetenhet om naturresursernas ändlighet har intresset för energieffektivisering ökat inom alla områden. I ett av riksdagens miljökvalitetsmål anges att energianvändningen i bostäder och lokaler bör minska med 20 % till år 2020 i förhållande till den användning som var 1995. Som det ser ut idag har energianvändningen i bostäder och lokaler snarare ökat än minskat sedan 1995 därför krävs stora krafttag om målet ska nås.De största värmeförlusterna i en byggnad sker genom transmissionsförluster. En annan förlustfaktor i en byggnad är det okontrollerade luftflödet som transporteras in eller ut ur klimatskalet genom springor och otätheter i konstruktionen. Detta luftläckage är svårt att uppskatta eller beräkna utan att göra en täthetsmätning av byggnaden.

Today older people?s health and life quality are current topics of conversation in society. The number of old people is increasing and their health is deteriorating, that is why there is a need of new ways of meeting their necessities. In this study we have tried to illustrate heads of districts reasoning concerning pets? significance for old people in special housing.

Abstract______________________________________________________________________Title:A study about creating understanding for different kinds of empowermentLevel:Bachelors thesis in Business Administration, 15 creditsAuthor:Fredrik LegovicSupervisor:Tomas KällquistDate:2014 - JuneAim:The main purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for different kinds of empowerment and how it affects the staff in the public sector.Method:The choice of method was based on the research aim. The method used to meet the objective was qualitative. The qualitative study was conducted with a hermeneutic basis, where individuals were asked to describe their experience of empowerment and how they feel affected of it. This thesis has a deductive approach, where existing theories dealing empowerment formed the basis for the design of interview substrate, which is then paired with the empirical evidence, based on this the conclusions was drawn.Result & Conclusion:What separates the different kinds of empowerment and how it affect the staff depends most of all on how the management chooses to communicate and share information with their staff.Suggestions for future research:A study regarding managers that works with different kinds of empowerment, and how that affects them, could be regarded as an interesting future research.Contribution of thesis:It shows that different kinds of empowerment affect the staff in different ways, which I made clear to the readers.Keywords:empowerment, thinking skills, relations and organizational - structure and theory.

ABSTRACT Our main objective with this essay is to provide a description of old people?s stories about aging. The essay is based on the empirical source of four qualitative interviews with older people over the age of eighty years young. The main goal is to inquire answers about; their time in the workforce; retirements; healthissues; media/advertisements; adolescence/youthfulness and attitudes. The following main questions have been dealt with: What do the elderly emphasize when they describe ageing? Are healthissues the prime subjects the elderly talk about? Do the elderly experience positive or negative attitudes towards ageing? What is their point of view of younger generations? In what way do they describe their years as workers? In what way do they describe aspects about their retirement? We reserved to consider the opinion of their own, to be the most valuable source in our study.

Det finns i dagsläget ett stort antal bostadshus som inte har någon värmåtervinning i ventilationssystemet. För att uppnå energiförbrukningsmålen till 2020 och 2050 är ett alternativ att sätta in värmeåtervinningsbatterier i frånluftskanaler som ansluts till en värmepump.Syftet med detta projekt har varit att undersöka hur energiförbrukning och årlig kostnad påverkas av temperaturer från värmeåtervinningsbatteri. Parametrarna som har undersökts är normala variationer av:-          Frånluftstemperatur-          Fukthalt i frånluft-          Frånluftsflöde genom batteri-          Vätskeflöde genom batteriUtöver detta har även totalvärmefaktorn för anläggningen undersökts beroende på om det är en varvtalsreglerad värmepump som används jämfört med en värmepump med steg samt hur totalvärmefaktorn har påverkats när solfångare ansluts till systemet.Vid beräkningar och simuleringar har två värmeåtervinningsbatterier undersökts, ett traditionellt batteri från Luvata och ett nålrörsbatteri från Retermia. De två värmepumparna som har undersökts är en fastighetsvärmepump från IVT och en industrivärmepump med varvtalsreglering från Kylma. Dessa beräkningar och simuleringar har utförts i programmet Coils och Microsoft Excel.De fall som har undersökts är:Fall 1: Luvata-batteri anslutet till Kylma-värmepumpFall 2: Retermia-batteri anslutet till Kylma-värmepumpFall 3: Luvata-batteri anslutet till IVT-värmepumpFör att få en bild av hur lönsamt det är att värma tappvatten med värmepump kontra fjärrvärme har fjärrvärmepriser och elpriser jämförts.

Background: From a public health perspective it is of great interest to prevent the risk of noise induced hearing loss, because in addition to hearing loss, tinnitus and sound sensitivity also may lead to other health problems. About 1,4 million people in Sweden live with some form of hearing loss and 25000 of them are children under the age of 16. Studies have shown that hearing loss among adolescents is increasing and it is often associated with sound environments in their leisure time. Lectures in hearing prevention has been conducted in schools for adolescents but have not reached the desired results. Objective: To enquire caregivers? attitude, behaviour and perceived knowledge about sound exposure and its risks.

Few issues have been exposed in media recently as much as the climate change issue. Afterthe documentary film ?An Inconvenient Thruth? presented by Al Gore was released in 2006,most of the world saw a lot of attention directed towards global warming. This was a turningpoint that is refered to in this dissertation an history-graded critical event, which is assumed tohave a significant impact on peoples lives.The purpose of this dissertation is to examine whether or not political parties in Swedenresponded to this critical event in the way that they, in their party programmes, haveformulated policies related to climate change. Alternatively if media produces an image ofpolitical activity which does not comport with the forming of actual political standpoints.

The decomposition of organic carbon in drained peat soils is a major source of carbon di-oxide in Sweden. A big part of these drained peat soils are used in agriculture and it is a big challenge to slow down their decomposition. It has earlier been thought that less tilling and higher water table levels would decrease the activity of soil microbes and thereby the decomposition, but recent experiments has showed that this has little or no effect. In this bachelor thesis a field experiment was made on drained peat soil with ley, outside Björklinge, Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The experiment was carried out in May 2011. The objective was to develop a method to examine how the net exchange of carbon diox-ide from plant covered peat soil is affected by temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).

This thesis discusses taxation of benefits, which shareholders and company leaders can enjoy from close corporations. The Government said in the government bill lead- ing to the amendments regarding taxation of benefits, that it should be the possibility alone to enjoy benefits that should be the reason to impose taxes on company lead- ers. The Swedish tax agency (Skatteverket) has agreed to that statement. In other words, it isn?t necessary that someone actually enjoys the company?s assets for pri- vate use, it is enough that they have the right of disposal of them in order to be taxed.

Objective ? To study the requirement of nursing care of the equine patient during eye treatment with a lavage system together with a constant rate infusion pump. Procedures ? Three veterinary nurses at ATG: s Hästsjukhus in Skara were asked nine questions at individual interviews. Inclusion criteria for participation in the interview were that the nurse should have treated equines with and without the infusion pump to the lavage system, but also traditionally with eye drops. Results ? The equine had a higher well-being since it experienced less stress during eye treatment with the infusion pump compared to treatment given by hand through the lavage system. The treatment would be more effective with constant rate infusion and save costs for the owner.

Kraftvärme är en energieffektiv metod att producera både el och fjärrvärme men användningen av denna produktionsform begränsas av att fjärrvärmebehovet vanligtvis är lägre under den varma delen av året. På senare tid har både forskning och nybyggda anläggningar visat på synergieffekter av att samordna produktion av biodrivmedel eller förädling av trädbränslen med kraftvärmeproduktion i en så kallad energikombinatanläggning. Då Vattenfall Värme Uppsala är i behov av att ersätta sitt befintliga kraftvärmeverk utreds i denna studie möjliga ekonomiska och miljömässiga fördelar med att bygga en energikombinatanläggning. I studien utreds ett antal olika tekniker som kan tänkas ingå i energikombinatet och ett antal alternativ väljs ut för vidare analys. Alternativen jämförs sedan med ett referensalternativ bestående av enbart ett nytt biobränsleeldat kraftvärmeverk.Studien visar att en energikombinatanläggning bestående av ett kraftvärmeverk i kombination med tillverkning av pellets eller black pellets kan leda till ökad lönsamhet jämfört med enbart ett kraftvärmeverk.

The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to the obstacles that affects the internal trade of waste within the EU. The essay doesn?t in any way encourage pollution or illegal handling of waste but unfortunately there are large profits to be made from illegal destruction and recycling of waste and especially hazardous wastes. Therefore the dependable companies handling waste must access a market with fast and flexible (but predictable) regulations as well as lower transaction costs to help make the environment better and encourage a strive for increased recycling. There are examples where some waste only can be sent to a land-fill within the country but could be recycled in other EU-countries.

Mobiltelefonen är ständigt närvarande i vår vardag. Den är ett kraftfullt verktyg som hjälper oss med allt från att surfa på nätet till att kolla när bussen går eller att betala räkningarna. Den har också gjort att vi kan dela med oss av våra liv och hålla kontakten med våra nära och kära var vi än befinner oss. Kort sagt har den ändrat hur vi beter oss i de flesta situationer. Men alla dessa ändringar är kanske inte lika positiva.

The market value of forest properties can be assumed to consist of two components, a monetary factor and a non-monetary factor. The objective of this examination paper is to study the impact of non-monetary factors on the values of forest properties in Sweden. This study is based on a population of buyers of forest properties in the southern of Sweden. The results are based on interviews with 54 buyers. Of the purchases were 37 % new purchases.

Background: Hypochondriasis is associated with marked impairments in physical and psychological functioning, work performance and increased health care utilization. The prevalence among medical outpatients is estimated to be between 4,2 % and 6,3 %. Notwithstanding there is deficient research in this area. Until recently no specific treatment has been clearly demonstrated to be effective. Objective: The aim was to investigate experiences of what it is like to live with hypochondriasis, but also to examine different treatment options.