In this essay I investigate how prehistoric cultural environments are portrayed in tourist publications. Through discourse analysis I aim to find clues on how cultural heritage is discussed and represented in existing media. I also investigate how the available media is affected by the tourist industry and its commercial motives. In recent portrayals of cultural heritage sites, there has been less information about the underlying history and other values have taken its place. Discourse about immaterial cultural heritage has not been present in tourist brochures from the 20th century but has been introduced in recent years while older publications discuss the role of our cultural heritage as essential components in our current society.

Terrorism. A word that makes you think about different situations throughout the last decade that has passed. However, in this particular thesis the purpose is to examine both national and international terrorism from a Clausewitzian theory. The main point is to examine whether any of these types of terrorisms can fit in to this theory and as examples in this study are the terrorist organizations ETA and al-Qaida. The questions to be answered in this paper are if their aims can be explained as political and how far are they ready to go to have their way? Furthermore, the reason for this paper is to find an understanding for why the terrorist organizations act as they do.The result of this comparative study is that both terrorist organizations fit in to the theory because their goals can be seen as political and therefore can their aims justify their actions.

This essay examines a small selection of Swedish newsreel and documentary short films, primarily travelogues, produced shortly before and after the second world war. The general aim is to expose differences in the representation of ?The Other? and the ?ethnic Swede? by applying a critical discourse analysis. The purpose is to illuminate how the material positions the latter as the norm and then contextualize this with xenophobic currents that had developed up until the middle of the twentieth century. Theoretical and methodological framework is drawn from the field of cultural studies as well as the nonfiction film.

My aim was to get a deeper insight about the parish clerk and how this profession has changed over time in Sweden from the Middle Ages up to the eighteenth century. Who was the parish clerk? Is it possible to find out in what way his duties changed over time? The information mainly derives from written historical sources, such aslaws. It seems like the parish clerk in the countryside often was a layman whom had to be approved by the parish, the parish priest or the bishop. His position in the early Middle Ages seems to have taken the form of assistant to the priest, participating in the liturgy.

The purpose with this thesis is to study how the arranging of archaeological objects in permanent exhibitions has changed over time. To find out about this I have been analysing three museums with prehistorical permanent exhibitions. The exhibition at Statens Historiska museum was produced in 2005, Nationalmuseum in Köpenhamn was produced in 1972 with additions from 1988 and 1995 and, finally, Malmö Museer exhibition which was produced in 1977. These exhibitions have been compared to analyse developments during the last 30 years. The result shows that there are different ideals within the exhibitions.

In the beginning of the 21th century several successful companies filed for bankruptcy. These bankruptcies have been known as large accounting scandals and the largest scandals did Enron and Worldcom stand for. These bankruptcies arose without any warning signal from the auditors about the companies? financial problems and their inability to continue as a going concern. The bankruptcies damaged the reputation of auditors and broad criticism has developed at the auditors? inability to discover companies? financial problems and their unwillingness to reveal a going concern opinion in the audit report.

Survey´s purpose is to illustrate why and how the process happened, when the seferades had to move from Spain in the last years of 15th century to the Ottoman Empire and how the authors have discussed this. How the seferades were treated by the Turks and the sultan, how teh Jews taught the people in the empire, to use the new innovations. The different results showed that the ottomans also gave great chances to the Jews and they became a powerful group of the palace in the empire.The results also showed that the authors are divided into two groups, one group defending the sultans act, and the others are not. The main reason for the ottomans to open their doors for the seferades was to take advantage of their konwledge. The reason for the attack by the western authors on the sultan´s decisions, are more complex and needs to be explained.

Humanity has always dreamed about a better world. These dreams has manifested themselves in the vision of Utopia - the good place, but also the non-existing place. Up until World War II man still wrote optimistic descriptions of this ideal world, and spread the idea through literature. In the aftermath of the atomic bomb and under the influence of the cold war, these publications seized to surface in literary surroundings. Despite this utopia did not die - it has only changed.

Meat and fish was the most important food for the Sami people in northern Scandinavia until the beginning of the 20th century. It is not so well known that the Sami people also used a lot of wild plants as food and medicine although that kind of food was relatively common among them until the end of the 19th century. The purpose of this master thesis has been to describe which plants the Sami people used in general and also which plants were the most commonly used, and when and how these plants were harvested. I also wanted to measure the quantities of Angelica archangelica and Rumex acestosa within traditional harvest sites. Furthermore I wanted to find out if the plant use differed among Sami groups geographically.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the representation of masculinity of Mikhail Tereshchenko as painted by Alexander Golovin at the beginning of the 20?th century, and to connect masculinity to the values of dandyism. An iconological analysis, in the style of Erwin Panofsky, and literary research resulted in various findings. Dandyism could partly be seen as a reaction against the normative masculinity, or hegemonic masculinity stated by R.W. Connell.

The aim of this essay is to examine the relationship between picture and room, between wallpainting and architecture. The basis for such exploration is the mural painting in Sweden at the turn of the 20th century, and the artist in focus is Prince Eugen (1865-1947).His works "Sommar"(1904), "Rimfrosr"(1909) & "Staden vid vattnet"(1922) and the rooms in which they are in make for an anlysis concerning how the totality of the space is experienced by the viewer.The main issue in mentioned expeience is how the mural is perceived with regard to the other elements in the room. And here, the walls' "flatness" enhancing its decorative qualities plays in. The problem with a mural built on the principles of perspective becomes evident when a wall is seen to vanish through the painting of an illusion on it..

Our modern society is in many ways built with and dependent on fossil fuels, which are used for energy production as well as for transporting humans and goods. Without the oil, many of the things we take for granted would not be possible. During the last century, the use of oil has increased steadily and will probably keep increasing as the world population and the economic well-being for many people increase. Since the oil is a finite resource, we will have to find other fuels that can replace it if we want to keep the same rate of development in the future as the availability of petrol fuels will decrease with rising prices as a result. Furthermore, fossil fuels have the disadvantage that they produce harmful emissions when combusted and thus affect the climate and air quality locally and globally.

This thesis deals with the question of how and to what degree Swedish history books for schools changed between the early 20th century and the 1960s. The theoretical foundation for this study is a perspective which treats historical accounts as narratives, bringing meaning and orientation to the present. According to this perspective, historical accounts may be divided into four different types of narratives, traditional, exemplary, critical and genetical. The basis for this division is how the narratives use the past to make the present understandable.The following conclusions are reached:That Swedish history books for schools have changed less, and in a moore gradual way than those dealing with general history. There is a growing use of genetical narratives at the expense of mainly exemplary ones.

Abstract The purpose with this essay is to get an understanding of how the christmascalender hasevolved throughout the history, and why its shape looks like it does. We have made ananalysis of the 21-centurys calendars to get a look on the content and tried to track a targetgroup. Which themes have characterized the 21-century and how can you put these in relationto earlier calendars? To get a greater insight in the design of the christmascalendar, we madean interview with SVT's Susanne Kvarforth. After this it came to our knowledge that they arelacking guidelines besides that their target group is 6-12 year olds.

The main purpose of this essay is to examine if it is possible to identify farms of ?forest Finnish? people in Sweden, by means of an archaeological analysis, comparing the forest Finnish settlement with known none-forest Finnish settlements. This study is based on material excavated from the farms of Grannäs, and Råsjö, in the Swedish provinces of Jämtland and Medelpad. Both farms are dated to the 17th and 18th century. The study itself is divided into three parts, firstly a general study to get an overview of the material, secondly a study of ceramics as an attempt to discern social status and lastly a study of the animal bone material for analyzing the forest Finns? livestock and possible hunting habits.