This study evaluates the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in four newly constructed wetlands in the municipality of Falkenberg, Sweden. The four wetlands have been selected because they have been specifically constructed with the aim to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in farming areas. The process of selecting the specific wetlands has been done in collaboration with the county administration in Halland. Through field studies in collaboration with the landowners where the wetlands are sited, the areas that provide the wetlands with water were determined. The size of these drainage areas were determined in a GIS computer program. The type of land use within the drainage areas was also determined.

I januari 2009 trädde en gemenskapsrättlig förordning i kraft som reglerar tillämplig lag vid utomobligatoriskt skadestånd, den s.k. Rom II-förordningen. Inom ramen för denna uppsats analyseras hur Rom II påverkar lagvalet vid sjörättliga tvister och särskilt vid fartygskollisioner.Enligt huvudregeln i artikel 4 (1) Rom II stadgas att lagen i den stat där den direkta skadan uppkommer skall tillämpas på tvisten. Bestämmelsen innehåller två undantag, dels artikel 4 (2) som stadgar lagen i det land där skadelidande och skadevållare har sin vistelseort, dels artikel 4 (3) med ett allmänt undantag för det fall det finns en uppenbart närmare anknytning till ett annat land.Enligt tidigare sjörättspraxis hade flaggans lag en central betydelse vid lagvalet. I och med att artikel 4 (2) pekar ut lagen i det land där skadelidande och skadevållare har sin vistelseort, vilket rörande juridiska personer förtydligas i artikel 23, blir platsen för den centrala förvaltningen avgörande.

Idag kämpar företag för att överleva på den hårt konkurrerande marknaden och den ökade globaliseringen har gjort att många företag väljer att söka lyckan i ett annat land. Flera företag väljer idag att lägga hela eller delar av sin verksamhet i andra länder. I och med en etablering i ett främmande land kommer företaget att möta en helt ny och främmande kultur och nya affärsbeteenden. Kulturskillnader kan vara ett centralt problem som kan ställa till med svårigheter för företaget och de anställda. Syftet med denna undersökning var att få en ökad förståelse för hur svenska medarbetare i en svensk organisation i Thailand upplever eventuella kulturskillnader mellan Sverige och Thailand.

After the tsunami disaster in December 2004 many arguments were heared that one oft the major reasons behind the poor Swedish effort connected to the evacuation and health care of the Swedish citizens in Thailand right after the incident is the Swedish model with independent government authorities. By comparing the constitution, the political decision making tradition by the ministers and the handling of the catastrophe in the tree Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Finland, plus analysing the behaviour of the Swedish foreign and prime minister from a rational choose inspired individual decision making theory the research shows that there is no proof that a constitutional change in Sweden into the traditional model with government authorities controlled by the ministers alone would led to a more effective crisis handling by the government due to crises concerning Swedish citizens out states. Although the research shows that the constitution and the tradition of decision making in the government provides the basic condition of the ministers individual rational decision making.

Sverige befann sig i en tid där andra världskriget fortfarande var i färskt minne. Geografiskt ligger landet centralt placerad mellan två supermakter, och det råder en spänd stämning i det internationella säkerhetspolitiska läget. Det svenska luftrummet har en stor strategisk betydelse i en internationell kontext. Med förtroendeskapande löften om alliansfrihet och ett avskräckande initiativ i form en av världens starkaste flygvapen försöker Sverige hålla sig utanför eventuella väpnade konflikter. Alliansfrihet syftande till neutralitet i krig är den officiella säkerhetspolitiska ställning Sverige har haft i nästan 200 år, och inte minst under två världskrig.

The purpose of this Master Thesis has been to investigate the possibilities for a new type of noise reduction solution that could decrease the negative effects resulting from larger traffic roads. The idea has been to construct a noise barrier with a roof ? like a tunnel placed on a road. The choice of material has been focused on transparent materials in order to lower visual intrusion and barrier effects. This project idea is called the Noise tunnel.After having investigated the current offer of noise solutions, it has been concluded that these solutions rarely provide a sufficient level of noise reduction ? at least not when government regulations of acceptable noise levels are applied.

How do the administrators of nature reserves experience the communication with the land owners concerned? The article is a qualitative study within the environmental communication subject. The study has been performed through qualitative interviews with administrators of nature reserves. Being in action the administrators must know how to communicate with people. The result of the study shows the administrators lack a language to describe their experience of the communication with the landowners. .

The City of Gothenburg has an urgent need to upgrade its public transport. The capacity of its light rail transit (LRT) has reached maximum capacity within the inner city limits years ago. The construction of an underground metro will be very expensive and time consuming due to the soft clay beneath the city. The apparent need of developing another type of mass rapid transit (MRT) is urgent. An elevated metro have turned out to be a success in Greater Vancouver, but is it possible for the system to operate well in Gothenburg with its narrow streets and current land use; will its route coexist with the current LRT or will the noise disturb people too much?.

Forskningens centrala frågeställning är: Hur ser arbetsförhållandena ut för svenska frilansjournalister som bor och tjänstgör utomlands? Syftet har varit att utreda hur de svenska frilansjournalisterna i utlandet själva ser på sitt arbete och sina arbetsförhållanden. Alltifrån löner och arbetstider till arbetsmiljö och pressfrihet diskuteras.Kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer har genomförts med fyra svenska frilansjournalister som tjänstgör utomlands. En som tjänstgör i Mellanöstern, en i Indien, en i Frankrike och en i Finland. Det har varit en jämn könsfördelning av de tillfrågade.

As a small and land scarce country, effective waste management is ofoutmost importance in Singapore. In this study the production of biogasthrough anaerobic digestion from the organic fraction of municipal solidwaste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the momentalmost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three differentscenarios were compared to the reference scenario (incineration): one with alarge scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore, onewith a medium scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large oneand one with a small scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. ashopping center or a food center.By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were comparedin terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication,energy use and land use.

Eutrophication of lakes and streams are nowadays a well known environmental problem and implies an enrichment of the nutrients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Phosphorus is considered to be the most important component for the growth of aquatic plants and leads in too large quantities to an intensification of growth. Phosphate (PO4) is the fraction of phosphorus that can easiest be taken up by plants and thus have the greatest impact on eutrophication. Increased plant growth in lakes and unfavorable conditions for aquatic animals are two examples of negative consequences. A significant portion of the increased nutrient supply to nearby water can be derived to phosphate leaching from agricultural areas, where private sewers and agriculture is two main sources.

The purpose of the thesis is to describe how environmental compensation is carried through when it comes to exploitation of Natura 2000. The thesis also relates to the three theories of planning synoptic, advocacy and transactive. Three cases of environmental compensation have been studied from three different countries where an exploitation of the Natura 2000 is done. Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands have all been working with environmental impact assessments as a demand to be able to carry through their projects. The projects concern the development of a railway track, an industry and a port which all have been approved by the EU-commission to carry on because of socioeconomic reasons.

Sewage sludge contains plant nutrients and has earlier been utilised as fertilizer to cropland. Unfortunately not only plant nutrients but also heavy metals, pathogens and organic contaminants tend to accumulate in sludge. The suitability to use sewage sludge in agriculture has therefore been subject to several discussions over the years. The Swedish food industry does no longer accept sludge as fertiliser for Swedish producers. In 1999 the Swedish parliament accepted several objectives for environmental protection. In order to prevent environmental pollution and further exploitation of the earth crust, one of these objectives confirm that phosphorous from sewage shall be recirculated to arable land.

Since the 19th century the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere hasincreased by 40 percent as an effect of the use of fossil energy sources.Increased concentration of CO2 will likely lead to increased temperature,changes in precipitation, rising sea level and increased frequency of extremeweather like storm events. A step to reduce emissions of CO2 and mitigateclimate change, for the property of Tagel, can be to adopt new silviculturalstrategies and analyse which is the most effective. As a result of that, threescenarios was produced, business-as-usual (BAU), increased set aside landand energy. An introduction of windpower at Tagels estate (property) andeffects on carbon balance was also examined. By using the Heureka systemand LCA-analysis in this study, it showed that the scenario of increased setaside land was the most efficient way to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions for the analysed period of 100 years.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur man som belysnings-planerare i Italien arbetar och tänker kring belysning. Vi ville också ta reda på om det finns skillnader i sättet att arbeta som belysningsplanerare i Italien gentemot Sverige och vilka skillnaderna är. Undersökningen bidrar med ny kunskap och förståelse kring belysningsplanering i ett större geografiskt perspektiv.Frågeställningarna är följande:Vad har italienska belysningsplanerare för fokus i sitt arbete med belysningsplanering?Vad har svenska belysningsplanerare för fokus i sitt arbete med belysningsplanering?Vilka eventuella skillnader finns det mellan italienska och svenska belysningsplanerares sätt att arbeta?För att svara på frågeställningarna valde vi att genomföra en utforskande studie. Vi valde att använda oss av öppna individuella intervjuer med belysningsplanerare från Sverige och Italien för att på så sätt kunna gå på djupet i våra frågeställningar.