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4794 Uppsatser om « philosophy of science » - Sida 6 av 320
Pluralism, kommunikation och falsk konsensus ? en kritik av deliberativ demokrati
Grundtanken i deliberativ demokrati Àr att politiska beslut skall grundas pÄ en fri och förnuftig deliberation mellan fria och jÀmlika medborgare. MÄlet med denna deliberation Àr att nÄ en rationell konsensus, och krÀver att deltagarna sÀtter sina personliga intressen, vÀrderingar och perspektiv Ät sidan, samt fokuserar pÄ det allmÀnna bÀsta. I denna uppsats presenterar jag teorin bakom, och framför kritik mot den nuvarande utformningen av deliberativ demokrati. Denna kritik gÄr huvudsakligen ut pÄ att deliberativ demokrati inte fullt respekterar samhÀllets pluralism, eftersom den antar orimliga normer förhur politisk kommunikation fÄr bedrivas, och dÀrmed riskerar att marginalisera vissa mÀnniskor. Jag diskuterar ocksÄ hur en alternativ demokratimodell, som bevarar grundtanken i deliberativ demokrati, skulle kunna vara utformad..
Naturvetenskap i förskolan : En intervjustudie om förskollÀrares tankar och arbetssÀtt
The aim of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers think about preschoolscience, what they consider science to be and how they deal with specific curricular objectivesrelated to science.Science is a part of our everyday life, it is a prerequisite for understanding everydayphenomena and how the world is working. Nevertheless it is often dropped in favour of othersubjects in Swedish preschools.The eight preschool teachers participating in this study are all working in the samemunicipality in the western part of Sweden with children aged 1- 5 years. The method used inthis study was interviews. The interviews were recorded to facilitate the transcriptions.The results show that preschool teachers find that science is an important subject that shouldbe introduced to the children early on in life. They also show that preschool teachers considerscience to have a preventive effect on the learning to the children, and it is needed for them tounderstand everyday processes and phenomena.
PĂ„ drift med Spinoza och Freud
This essay attempts to examine whether it is possible to find a mutual understanding of the concept of drive between Spinoza?s philosophy and Freud?s psychoanalytical theory. Former texts on this subject have given a variety of conclusions: from a radical separation between the two authors to a complete identification between the two. The drive, or the desire which is the term Spinoza uses, has in Spinoza?s philosophy its foundation in the concept of conatus.
Vetenskapsjournalistik i radio - Vad fÄr vi veta? : En innehÄllsanalys av vetenskapsradions nyhetssÀndningar hösten 2004
AbstractPurpose/Aim: The aim of this essay is to paint a picture of science news reporting in the Swedish Public Service science programme, vetenskaps-radion. Key issues to be adressed are: What areas in science are prioritised? How much of the total broadcast time are devoted to each area? Are there any differences in reporting between weeks? How well does the swedish science radio match common interets? Are the news in the form of short ?soundbites? or are they more lengthy in-depth?Material/Method: Quantitative analysis of radio programmes. The variables used are based on the different major areas in natural sciences.Main results: This study shows that most broadcast time is devoted to news regarding biology and medicine and that the news rather are in the form of short snippets of news than more lengty in-depth stories. This is put in light of how journalistes tend to present news and that the subjects involved has to relate to peoples everyday lives.
Kritik av humanismen som grund till vÀrden i svensk skola med perspektiv frÄn Nietzsche & Kant : En narrativ ideologianalys av lÀroplanens vÀrdegrund och de oförytterliga vÀrdenas genealogi
This thesis in Educational Sciences consists of a narrative ideology-analysis of the Swedish school's fundamental values with perspectives from the philosophy of Nietzsche and Kant, which also analyzed the same way, with the aim to trace and problematize the ideological foundations of "our society's shared values" that teachers should convey to the students. Based on a theory that a humanism crisis occurs when important values are perceived as threatened, does the introduction of the basic values of the curriculum appear as a response tosocietal changes. Nietzsche and Kant represent completely different idea currents that both have been reflected in the curriculum in which basic values have different meanings. Nietzsche has inspired social criticism, postcolonial and postmodern thinkers to a critical constructivist approach that is an asset in the multicultural classroom to deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices. That culture, ethnicity, morality and religion do not have an objective essence, but seen as social constructions, using a critical approach is a way of thinking which was developed with inspiration from Nietzsche.
EN SMĂLL I HUVUDET ? DONALD DAVIDSON OCH DEN BOKSTAVLIGA METAFORTEORIN
Metaforen har genom historien fÀngslat filosofer, och redan pÄ Aristoteles tid fördes en diskussion kring metaforens plats i sprÄket och vad metaforer kan tÀnkas betyda. Innan man börjar undersöka detta bör man nog först och frÀmst stanna till och frÄga sig vad en metafor egentligen Àr. Det finns ett otal metaforer och variationerna Àr oÀndliga, men i regel bestÄr en metafor av ett eller flera objekt i ljuset av attribut hos ett annat objekt. Metaforarbete sÀtter sÄledes tvÄ entiteter i en relation till varandra, en relation som oftast anses baserad pÄ nÄgon typ av likhet. Ett klassiskt exempel Àr Shakespares berömda scenmetafor ur As you like it ? ?All the world's a stage / And all the men and women merely players / They have their exits and their entrances?.
Religion och vetenskap : En studie om tematiken religion och vetenskap samt dess grÀnslÀnder i gymnasielÀromedel
The following essay aims to determine what textbooks and teaching media educators in the county of VĂ€sterbotten use when teaching the relation between religion and science. Based on educational science theory and through analyzes of factual texts, the teaching materials was examined to determine how much focus they put on the thematic of religion and science. The result shows how the different teaching materials affect this thematic differently. The main conclusion is therefore that students in Sweden could, depending on the teaching materials used in their education, be taught by different standards to reach the same requirements..
Naturvetenskap i grundskolans lÀgre Äldrar : Om lÀrares förhÄllningssÀtt gentemot Àmnet
This investigation is about how teachers in school can motivate and create interest for science among younger children. Teachers were interviewed about attitudes to their subject and how this affects their lessons.I have also tried to find out, both by interviewes but also by studying litterature, what the most important thing is to teach in science, which knowledge is necessarry in the future and why.My result indicates that teachers find science both interesting and important but at the same time they also think it is a difficult subject to teach even if they are educated. Both the litterature and the teachers in my study agree that knowledge in science gives us a chance to ask questions, take stands and solve problems and that this knowledge is important for us in our future..
Police Science - expansionen av ett kunskapsfÀlt : En studie om vetenskapligt grÀnsdragningsarbete i 1930-talets Chicago
In 1929, the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory was established in Chicago?the first of its kind in the United States. The purpose was to engage in practical use of scientific methods in the detection of crime. In 1930, the institute published its own periodical called The American Journal of Police Science. Applying the theory of boundary-work, this essay analyses how the novelty institute argued its legitimacy as a scientific establishment through the expansion of Police Science as a collective field of knowledge.
Kunskapens vÀrde. Mot en dygdepistemologisk position
"The Value of Knowledge - Towards a Virtue Epistemological Position" The classical question, first posed in Plato's Meno, concerning the value of knowledge constitutes the starting point of this essay. Value analysis has long been neglected in epistemologist's accounts until its re-emergence with the tradition called ?virtue epistemology?, in particular with scholars following Ernest Sosa. Like virtue ethics virtue epistemological accounts changes the focus from the object to the agent, i.e. from knowledge to intellectual virtue.
Webbased Timereport system
Webbaserat Tidrapporteringsystem.
Varför Klass? Att studera ojÀmlikhet ur ett statsvetenskapligt perspektiv
This thesis contains a wider discussion on the analytical framework of classstudies in political science. The purpose is to put class into the light of a usefulmethodological and theoretical tool when it comes to studies on inequality and political,as well as scientific approaches and explanations to why people have awide range of differences in how they pursue their lives. It is my ambition to discusshow class relations can be theorized and explained within a given context, aswell as in society as a whole. I see the complexity of this field as a resource to enhancethe epistemological as well as the empirical discussions within the politicalscience scholars..
"THE AUDIENCE DOES ALL THE WORK" En kognitiv studie av ÄskÄdares filmförstÄelse
Filmskapare har unika hantverksmÀssiga kunskaper om hur man pÄverkar mÀnskliga kognitiva processer för att uppnÄ önskade effekter pÄ ÄskÄdaren. Om dessa kunskaper blev systematiserade med hjÀlp av empirisk forskning, skulle de kunna komma till nytta Àven inom vetenskapliga discipliner dÀr man intresserar sig för mÀnniskans kognition.I denna uppsats kombineras analysen av tvÄ filmsekvenser med ett experiment i vilket ÄskÄdarnas ögonrörelser filmades och personerna fick svara pÄ frÄgor om sina intryck av filmen. Resultaten tyder pÄ att mÀnniskor framför allt blir medvetna om sÄdana intryck som liknar verkligheten, t.ex. karaktÀrers personlighet och beteende, snarare Àn sÄdant som rör filmens form. Dessa fynd diskuteras i ett allmÀnt kognitivt perspektiv och ytterligare empiriska undersökningar föreslÄs för att studera samspelet mellan filmen och ÄskÄdaren.Summary in English:Through their craft, film artists have unique insights into methods of influencing human cognitive processes to achieve desired impact on the spectator.
LÀrare och skolbibliotekarie ett udda par som bör dra jÀmnt. En studie i samarbete pÄ en högstadieskola
This Masters thesis concerns collaboration between teachers and librarians. Three theoretical perspectives, profession, power and legitimacy, are used to analyse the results of written interviews with eight teachers and one librarian at a comprehensive school. We did not find evidence of any deeper collaboration between teachers and the librarian. The effects of profession had little impact on the relation although the involved parties seemed to appreciate differences in education and points of view. The teacher retains power over education and grades while the librarian holds sway over the physical library and the purchase of books and other media.